Abstract
Abstract Agricultural production is severely limited by an iron deficiency. Alkaline soils increase iron deficiency in rice crops, consequently leading to nutrient deficiencies in humans. Adding iron to rice enhances both its elemental composition and the nutritional value it offers humans through the food chain. The purpose of the current pot experiment was to investigate the impact of Fe treatment in alkaline (pH 7.5) and acidic (pH 5.5) soils to introduce iron-rich rice. Iron was applied to the plants in the soil in the form of an aqueous solution of FeSO 4 with five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM). The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils. Specifically, Basmati-515, one of the rice cultivars tested, exhibited a notable 13% increase in iron total accumulation per plant and an 11% increase in root-to-shoot ratio in acidic soil. In contrast to Basmati-198, which demonstrated maximum response in alkaline soil, Basmati-515 exhibited notable increases in all parameters, including a 31% increase in dry weight, 16% increase in total chlorophyll content, an 11% increase in CAT (catalase) activity, 7% increase in APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity, 26% increase in POD (peroxidase) activity, and a remarkable 92% increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) in acidic soil. In alkaline soil, Basmati-198 exhibited respective decreases of 40% and 39% in MDA and H 2 O 2 content, whereas Basmati-515 demonstrated a more significant decrease of 50% and 67% in MDA and H 2 O 2 in acidic soil. These results emphasize the potential for targeted soil management strategies to improve iron nutrition and address iron deficiency in agricultural systems. By considering soil conditions, it is possible to enhance iron content and promote its availability in alkaline and acidic soils, ultimately contributing to improved crop nutrition and human health.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Iron application significantly increased Fe content in rice in both alkaline and acidic soils
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- application of irone0
- Outcome
- Fe contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed a 13% increase in total iron accumulation per plant in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e1
- Treatment
- acidic soile1
- Outcome
- iron total accumulation per plante1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 13%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e1“Specifically, Basmati-515, one of the rice cultivars tested, exhibited a notable 13% increase in iron total accumulation per plant and an 11% increase in root-to-shoot ratio in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed an 11% increase in root-to-shoot ratio in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e1
- Treatment
- acidic soile1
- Outcome
- root-to-shoot ratioe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 11%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e1“Specifically, Basmati-515, one of the rice cultivars tested, exhibited a notable 13% increase in iron total accumulation per plant and an 11% increase in root-to-shoot ratio in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed a 31% increase in dry weight in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e2
- Treatment
- acidic soile2
- Outcome
- dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 31%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e2“Basmati-515 exhibited notable increases in all parameters, including a 31% increase in dry weight, 16% increase in total chlorophyll content, an 11% increase in CAT (catalase) activity, 7% increase in APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity, 26% increase in POD (peroxidase) activity, and a remarkable 92% increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed a 16% increase in total chlorophyll content in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e2
- Treatment
- acidic soile2
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 16%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e2“Basmati-515 exhibited notable increases in all parameters, including a 31% increase in dry weight, 16% increase in total chlorophyll content, an 11% increase in CAT (catalase) activity, 7% increase in APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity, 26% increase in POD (peroxidase) activity, and a remarkable 92% increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed an 11% increase in CAT activity in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e2
- Treatment
- acidic soile2
- Outcome
- CAT (catalase) activitye2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 11%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e2“Basmati-515 exhibited notable increases in all parameters, including a 31% increase in dry weight, 16% increase in total chlorophyll content, an 11% increase in CAT (catalase) activity, 7% increase in APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity, 26% increase in POD (peroxidase) activity, and a remarkable 92% increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed a 7% increase in APX activity in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e2
- Treatment
- acidic soile2
- Outcome
- APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activitye2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 7%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e2“Basmati-515 exhibited notable increases in all parameters, including a 31% increase in dry weight, 16% increase in total chlorophyll content, an 11% increase in CAT (catalase) activity, 7% increase in APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity, 26% increase in POD (peroxidase) activity, and a remarkable 92% increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed a 26% increase in POD activity in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e2
- Treatment
- acidic soile2
- Outcome
- POD (peroxidase) activitye2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 26%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e2“Basmati-515 exhibited notable increases in all parameters, including a 31% increase in dry weight, 16% increase in total chlorophyll content, an 11% increase in CAT (catalase) activity, 7% increase in APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity, 26% increase in POD (peroxidase) activity, and a remarkable 92% increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed a 92% increase in SOD activity in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e2
- Treatment
- acidic soile2
- Outcome
- SOD (superoxide dismutase)e2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 92%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e2“Basmati-515 exhibited notable increases in all parameters, including a 31% increase in dry weight, 16% increase in total chlorophyll content, an 11% increase in CAT (catalase) activity, 7% increase in APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity, 26% increase in POD (peroxidase) activity, and a remarkable 92% increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-198 showed a 40% decrease in MDA in alkaline soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-198e3
- Treatment
- alkaline soile3
- Outcome
- MDAe3
- Direction
- decreasese3
- Value
- 40%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e3“In alkaline soil, Basmati-198 exhibited respective decreases of 40% and 39% in MDA and H 2 O 2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-198 showed a 39% decrease in H2O2 content in alkaline soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-198e3
- Treatment
- alkaline soile3
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 contente3
- Direction
- decreasese3
- Value
- 39%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e3“In alkaline soil, Basmati-198 exhibited respective decreases of 40% and 39% in MDA and H 2 O 2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed a 50% decrease in MDA in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e4
- Treatment
- acidic soile4
- Outcome
- MDAe4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Value
- 50%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e4“whereas Basmati-515 demonstrated a more significant decrease of 50% and 67% in MDA and H 2 O 2 in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-515 showed a 67% decrease in H2O2 in acidic soil
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-515e4
- Treatment
- acidic soile4
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2e4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Value
- 67%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e4“whereas Basmati-515 demonstrated a more significant decrease of 50% and 67% in MDA and H 2 O 2 in acidic soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Basmati-198 showed a maximum response in alkaline soil, in contrast to Basmati-515
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Basmati-198e5
- Treatment
- alkaline soile5
- Outcome
- responsee5
- Direction
- maximume5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from the current study demonstrated a significant increase in Fe content in Oryza sativa with the application of iron in both alkaline and acidic pH soils”
e5“In contrast to Basmati-198, which demonstrated maximum response in alkaline soil”
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