Abstract
Rice, wheat and rape seeds were treated with simulated acid rain at pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 5.0 levels for 7 days in order to understand the effects of acid rain on seed germination of various acid-fast plant. The germination test showed that seed germination was absolutely inhibited at pH 2.0 for three species. Rice and wheat seeds germinated abnormally at pH 2.5. WhenpH values above 3.0, percentage germination, germination energy, germination index, vigor index of rice, wheat and rape seeds increased in relation with decreased acidity levels. In contrast, the percentage of abnormal germination of rice and wheat decreased. The experiment data about physiological aspect demonstrated that water absorption rate, respiratory rate and storage reserve transformation rate of rice, wheat and rape seeds also increased with increased pH values. The storage loss of rice and wheat increased with increased pH values but that of rape decreased. Inhibition index of shoot and root length of three kinds of seeds decreased in relation with increased pH values. The amplitude difference of index of rice was lower than that of wheat, and wheat was lower than that of rape. The experiment data showed that rice had stronger fastness than wheat and rape, wheat had stronger fastness than rape under acid rain stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 2.0, germination of all three seed species was fully inhibited.
- Taxon
- rice, wheat and rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus
Oryza sativa
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- pH 2.0e0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- absolutely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The germination test showed that seed germination was absolutely inhibited at pH 2.0 for three species.”
t0“rice, wheat and rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice and wheat seeds germinated abnormally at pH 2.5.
- Taxon
- Rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pH 2.5e0
- Outcome
- germinated abnormallye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice and wheat seeds germinated abnormally at pH 2.5.”
Claim · model-written summary
As acidity decreased above pH 3.0, germination percentage, energy, index and vigor index increased in all three species.
- Taxon
- rice, wheat and rapeBrassica napusOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- decreased acidity levelse0
- Outcome
- percentage germination, germination energy, germination index, vigor indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WhenpH values above 3.0, percentage germination, germination energy, germination index, vigor index of rice, wheat and rape seeds increased in relation with decreased acidity levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Abnormal germination percentage decreased in rice and wheat as acidity decreased.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- aciditye0
- Outcome
- percentage of abnormal germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased acidity levels. In contrast, the percentage of abnormal germination of rice and wheat decreased.”
t0“acid rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Water absorption, respiration and reserve transformation rates increased with pH in all three species.
- Taxon
- rice, wheat and rapeBrassica napusOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increased pH valuese0
- Outcome
- water absorption rate, respiratory rate and storage reserve transformation ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water absorption rate, respiratory rate and storage reserve transformation rate of rice, wheat and rape seeds also increased with increased pH values.”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage loss increased with pH in rice and wheat.
- Taxon
- rice and wheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increased pH valuese0
- Outcome
- storage losse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The storage loss of rice and wheat increased with increased pH values”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage loss decreased with pH in rape.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- acid raint0
- Outcome
- storage losse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The storage loss of rice and wheat increased with increased pH values but that of rape decreased.”
t0“acid rain on seed germination of rice, wheat and rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root length inhibition indices decreased as pH increased in all three species.
- Taxon
- rice, wheat and rapeBrassica napusOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased pH valuese0
- Outcome
- Inhibition index of shoot and root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition index of shoot and root length of three kinds of seeds decreased in relation with increased pH values.”
t0“rice, wheat and rape”
Claim · model-written summary
The index amplitude difference ranked rice below wheat below rape.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- amplitude difference of indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amplitude difference of index of rice was lower than that of wheat, and wheat was lower than that of rape.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice was more acid rain tolerant than wheat and rape, and wheat more tolerant than rape.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- fastnesse0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- wheat and rapee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice had stronger fastness than wheat and rape, wheat had stronger fastness than rape under acid rain stress.”
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.