Abstract
The study investigated the effects of varying pH levels on the growth and development of salt-exposed rice (Oryza sativa L.) after inoculation with Bacillus subtilis. Germinated rice seedlings (var. FARO 44) were sown in garden soils amended to 100 mM NaCl, and were thereafter inoculated with Bacillus subtilis. The transplants were subsequently exposed to periodic wetting with 5 mL of pH-buffered water (pH 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) every day, and with 5 mL of 100 mM NaCl every 4 days. The set up was monitored during a 30-day period. Results showed significant reduction in chlorophyll a and b as well as lycopene and tocopherol contents of leaves due to changes in the lipid-to-protein ratio of pigment-protein complex or increased chlorophyllase activity and drought stress. There were improved morphological characteristics such as plant height, sheath and foliar dimensions due to inoculation of B. subtilis. Increase in salinity resulted in a decrease in plant height, leaf length and sheath. Inoculation not only promoted rice growth, but also enhanced rice tolerance towards salinity owing to the fact that FARO 44 is a salinity-tolerant rice variety. A better understanding of the interaction between microbial inoculants and soil conditions is required to harness the desired benefits towards improving crop development.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments significantly reduced leaf chlorophyll a and b contents.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- pH levelst1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and be0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction in chlorophyll a and b as well as lycopene and tocopherol contents of leaves”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
t1“different pH levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments significantly reduced leaf lycopene and tocopherol contents.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- pH levelst1
- Outcome
- lycopene and tocopherol contentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction in chlorophyll a and b as well as lycopene and tocopherol contents of leaves”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
t1“different pH levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed pigment losses to pigment-complex changes, chlorophyllase or drought stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- lipid-to-protein ratio of pigment-protein complexe0
- Qualifier
- increased chlorophyllase activity and drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to changes in the lipid-to-protein ratio of pigment-protein complex or increased chlorophyllase activity and drought stress”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis inoculation improved plant height, sheath and foliar dimensions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation of B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- plant height, sheath and foliar dimensionse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved morphological characteristics such as plant height, sheath and foliar dimensions due to inoculation of B. subtilis”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity decreased plant height, leaf length and sheath size.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf length and sheathe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in salinity resulted in a decrease in plant height, leaf length and sheath”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis inoculation promoted rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist0symbiont
- Outcome
- rice growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation not only promoted rice growth, but also enhanced rice tolerance towards salinity”
t0“Bacillus subtilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis inoculation enhanced rice salinity tolerance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist0symbiont
- Outcome
- rice tolerance towards salinitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation not only promoted rice growth, but also enhanced rice tolerance towards salinity”
t0“Bacillus subtilis”
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