Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates the plant response to environmental stress; therefore, ABA priming is an effective strategy for enhancing stress tolerance in rice. In this study, we investigated the priming effects of 1 and 5 µM ABA on the biochemical and physiological traits associated with seedling growth performance in two rice cultivars exposed to saline (100 mM NaCl) and alkaline (15 mM Na2CO3) stress via root drenching. ABA pretreatment effectively reduced damage in rice seedlings by mitigating the increases in Na+/K+ ratio, membrane injury, contents of Na+, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion radical, and prevented reductions in K+ and total chlorophyll contents, and ROS-related enzyme activities in both cultivars under saline and alkaline stresses. Rice seedlings with ABA pretreatment under alkaline stress had a stronger ability to maintain ion homeostasis, eliminate ROS, and induce changes in endogenous ABA levels via the upregulation of OsHKT1;5, OsSOS1, OsNHX5, OsPOX1, OsCATA, OsNCED3, OsSalT, and OsWsi18 and downregulation of OsRbohA than under saline stress. The saline–alkaline (SA)-sensitive cultivar demonstrated greater sensitivity to the priming effect of ABA than that of the SA-tolerant cultivar under both stress conditions. These findings have implications for rice adaptation to SA soils.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment reduced damage to rice seedlings under saline and alkaline stress.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- damage in rice seedlingse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA pretreatment effectively reduced damage in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment mitigated stress increases in Na+/K+ ratio, membrane injury and Na+ content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratio, membrane injury, contents of Na+e0
- Direction
- mitigatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA pretreatment effectively reduced damage in rice seedlings by mitigating the increases in Na+/K+ ratio, membrane injury, contents of Na+”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment mitigated stress increases in malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion radicale0
- Direction
- mitigatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA pretreatment effectively reduced damage in rice seedlings by mitigating the increases in Na+/K+ ratio, membrane injury, contents of Na+, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion radical”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment prevented reductions in potassium and chlorophyll contents and ROS-related enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- K+ and total chlorophyll contents, and ROS-related enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- prevented reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA pretreatment effectively reduced damage in rice seedlings by mitigating the increases in Na+/K+ ratio, membrane injury, contents of Na+, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion radical, and prevented reductions in K+ and total chlorophyll contents, and ROS-related enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Under alkaline stress, ABA-pretreated rice seedlings maintained ion homeostasis more strongly than under saline stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatment under alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- maintain ion homeostasise0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- saline stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings with ABA pretreatment under alkaline stress had a stronger ability to maintain ion homeostasis, eliminate ROS, and induce changes in endogenous ABA levels via the upregulation of OsHKT1;5, OsSOS1, OsNHX5, OsPOX1, OsCATA, OsNCED3, OsSalT, and OsWsi18 and downregulation of OsRbohA than under saline stress”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under alkaline stress, ABA-pretreated seedlings eliminated ROS more strongly than under saline stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatment under alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- eliminate ROSe0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- saline stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings with ABA pretreatment under alkaline stress had a stronger ability to maintain ion homeostasis, eliminate ROS, and induce changes in endogenous ABA levels via the upregulation of OsHKT1;5, OsSOS1, OsNHX5, OsPOX1, OsCATA, OsNCED3, OsSalT, and OsWsi18 and downregulation of OsRbohA than under saline stress”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment under alkaline stress changed endogenous ABA levels more than under saline stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatment under alkaline stresse0
- Outcome
- endogenous ABA levelse0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- saline stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings with ABA pretreatment under alkaline stress had a stronger ability to maintain ion homeostasis, eliminate ROS, and induce changes in endogenous ABA levels via the upregulation of OsHKT1;5, OsSOS1, OsNHX5, OsPOX1, OsCATA, OsNCED3, OsSalT, and OsWsi18 and downregulation of OsRbohA than under saline stress”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress with ABA pretreatment upregulated eight named rice genes relative to saline stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- upregulation of OsHKT1;5, OsSOS1, OsNHX5, OsPOX1, OsCATA, OsNCED3, OsSalT, and OsWsi18e0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of OsHKT1;5, OsSOS1, OsNHX5, OsPOX1, OsCATA, OsNCED3, OsSalT, and OsWsi18”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline stress with ABA pretreatment downregulated OsRbohA relative to saline stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsRbohAe0
- Outcome
- downregulation of OsRbohAe0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
- Comparator
- saline stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“downregulation of OsRbohA than under saline stress”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The saline–alkaline-sensitive cultivar responded more strongly to ABA priming than the tolerant cultivar under both stresses.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- saline–alkaline (SA)-sensitive cultivare0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to the priming effect of ABAe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- SA-tolerant cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The saline–alkaline (SA)-sensitive cultivar demonstrated greater sensitivity to the priming effect of ABA than that of the SA-tolerant cultivar under both stress conditions”
t0“Rice”
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