Abstract
Abstract Anaerobic bacteria in flooded soils degrade various types of organic matter, including rice straw and green manure crops, with the production of low carbon, monobasic aliphatic acids. The major fermentation products are formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids. Organic acids produced in flooded soils may adversely affect the growth of rice seedlings. Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L. ‘Earlirose’, were grown in sterile nutrient solution containing 1, 5, and 10 m N concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid adjusted to variables of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0. The seedlings were grown in treated nutrient solutions for 7 days before harvesting for plant growth measurements. Root elongation, shoot height, and weight were retarded by all organic acids, the severity increasing with concentration and decreasing pH. Root elongation was affected most. Residual seed reserves were greater with higher acid concentrations, corresponding to decreased growth of the plant root and shoot suggesting that the translocation of stored seed reserves was inhibited. The magnitude of organic acid effects was in the order of butyric > propionic > acetic. At 1 m N concentration, all organic acids evaluated, reduced root length by 40 to 50%, but did not inhibit root initiation. At 5 m N concentration, root elongation was severely inhibited and most root tips showed severe root injury. At 10 m N concentration, both elongation and initiation of roots were completely inhibited. An increase in pH from 3 to 7 decreased the inhibiting effects of all organic acids at all concentrations, indicating that the concentration of undissociated acid was more critical than total acid concentration in inhibiting seedling growth. Anaerobic fermentation products, particularly organic acids, are potential problems in rice stand establishment in flooded soils. A proper time interval for their decomposition prior to planting rice must be observed to avoid seedling damage.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Organic acids retarded root elongation, shoot height and weight of rice seedlings, with severity increasing with concentration and decreasing pH.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- acetic, propionic, and butyric acide1
- Outcome
- Root elongation, shoot height, and weighte2
- Direction
- retardede2
- Qualifier
- the severity increasing with concentration and decreasing pHe2
- Setting
- sterile nutrient solutione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“were grown in sterile nutrient solution containing 1, 5, and 10 m N concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid adjusted to variables of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0”
e2“Root elongation, shoot height, and weight were retarded by all organic acids, the severity increasing with concentration and decreasing pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Root elongation was affected more than the other seedling growth measures by the organic acids.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- acetic, propionic, and butyric acide1
- Outcome
- Root elongatione2
- Direction
- affected moste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“were grown in sterile nutrient solution containing 1, 5, and 10 m N concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid adjusted to variables of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0”
e2“Root elongation was affected most”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual seed reserves were greater at higher acid concentrations, corresponding to decreased root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- acid concentrationse2
- Outcome
- Residual seed reservese2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Setting
- sterile nutrient solutione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“were grown in sterile nutrient solution containing 1, 5, and 10 m N concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid adjusted to variables of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0”
e2“Residual seed reserves were greater with higher acid concentrations, corresponding to decreased growth of the plant root and shoot suggesting that the translocation of stored seed reserves was inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibited translocation of stored seed reserves is suggested as the explanation for reduced seedling growth at higher acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- seed reservese1
- Outcome
- translocation of stored seed reservese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“Residual seed reserves were greater with higher acid concentrations, corresponding to decreased growth of the plant root and shoot suggesting that the translocation of stored seed reserves was inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
The magnitude of organic acid effects followed the order butyric > propionic > acetic.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- acetic, propionic, and butyric acide1
- Outcome
- magnitude of organic acid effectse2
- Direction
- in the order of butyric > propionic > acetice2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“were grown in sterile nutrient solution containing 1, 5, and 10 m N concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid adjusted to variables of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0”
e2“The magnitude of organic acid effects was in the order of butyric > propionic > acetic”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 mN concentration, all tested organic acids reduced root length by 40 to 50%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- all organic acids evaluatede1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 40 to 50%e1
- Qualifier
- At 1 m N concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“At 1 m N concentration, all organic acids evaluated, reduced root length by 40 to 50%, but did not inhibit root initiation”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1 mN concentration, the organic acids did not inhibit root initiation.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- all organic acids evaluatede1
- Outcome
- root initiatione1
- Direction
- did not inhibite1
- Qualifier
- At 1 m N concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“At 1 m N concentration, all organic acids evaluated, reduced root length by 40 to 50%, but did not inhibit root initiation”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 mN concentration, root elongation was severely inhibited.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- acetic, propionic, and butyric acide1
- Outcome
- root elongatione2
- Direction
- severely inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- At 5 m N concentratione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“were grown in sterile nutrient solution containing 1, 5, and 10 m N concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid adjusted to variables of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0”
e2“At 5 m N concentration, root elongation was severely inhibited and most root tips showed severe root injury”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 mN concentration, most root tips showed severe root injury.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- acetic, propionic, and butyric acide1
- Outcome
- most root tips showed severe root injurye2
- Qualifier
- At 5 m N concentratione2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“were grown in sterile nutrient solution containing 1, 5, and 10 m N concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid adjusted to variables of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0”
e2“At 5 m N concentration, root elongation was severely inhibited and most root tips showed severe root injury”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 mN concentration, both root elongation and root initiation were completely inhibited.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- acetic, propionic, and butyric acide1
- Outcome
- elongation and initiation of rootse2
- Direction
- completely inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- At 10 m N concentratione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“were grown in sterile nutrient solution containing 1, 5, and 10 m N concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid adjusted to variables of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0”
e2“At 10 m N concentration, both elongation and initiation of roots were completely inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising pH from 3 to 7 decreased the inhibiting effects of all organic acids at all concentrations.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- An increase in pH from 3 to 7e2
- Outcome
- inhibiting effects of all organic acidse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“were grown in sterile nutrient solution containing 1, 5, and 10 m N concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid adjusted to variables of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0”
e2“An increase in pH from 3 to 7 decreased the inhibiting effects of all organic acids at all concentrations, indicating that the concentration of undissociated acid was more critical than total acid concentration in inhibiting seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The concentration of undissociated acid, rather than total acid concentration, appears to be more critical in inhibiting seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- inhibiting seedling growthe1
- Qualifier
- the concentration of undissociated acid was more critical than total acid concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“An increase in pH from 3 to 7 decreased the inhibiting effects of all organic acids at all concentrations, indicating that the concentration of undissociated acid was more critical than total acid concentration in inhibiting seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A proper time interval for decomposition of the organic acids must be observed before planting rice to avoid seedling damage.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- A proper time interval for their decomposition prior to planting ricee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice seedlings, Oryza sativa L.”
e1“A proper time interval for their decomposition prior to planting rice must be observed to avoid seedling damage”
The same questions in other papers
organic acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →butyric acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
ph · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.