Abstract
This investigation was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2006 and 2007 to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents of "Anna" apple (Malus sylvestris, Mill) variety. The trees were grown in loamy sand soil, and sprayed with six treatments (potassium nitrate 10%), garlic extract (20%), onion extract (20%), potassium nitrate (5%) mixed with garlic extract (10%), potassium nitrate (5%) mixed with onion extract (10%) and control. Generally, it was found that all studied growth parameters, date of flower bud break, percentage of bud break, fruit-setting ,fruit weight, fruit size, fruit number/tree, yield/tree (kg) and some chemical constituents of leaves (total chlorophyll ,total carbohydrates, total protein, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents) and some chemical constituents of fruits (Total Soluble Solids (T.S.S.), T.S.S/ acid ratio, vitamin C, water content %, total free amino acids, total carbohydrates, total sugars and reducing sugars) were increased with the application of the different treatments. The best results were obtained from the treatments of potassium nitrate at 5% mixed with onion extract at 10%, potassium nitrate at 5% mixed with garlic extract at 10% and potassium nitrate at 10%. On the contrary, the same treatments decreased total acidity and total phenols in fruits as compared to the control. It could be recommended to use potassium nitrate at 5% in combination with onion extract or garlic extract at 10% for improving bud break, growth, yield and chemical constituents of apple trees or fruits.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments increased date of flower bud break and percentage of bud break in apple.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- date of flower bud break, percentage of bud breake1
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“all studied growth parameters, date of flower bud break, percentage of bud break”
e2“were increased with the application of the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments increased all studied growth parameters of apple trees.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- all studied growth parameterse1
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“all studied growth parameters, date of flower bud break, percentage of bud break”
e2“were increased with the application of the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments increased fruit-setting, fruit weight and fruit size of apple.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- fruit-setting ,fruit weight, fruit sizee1
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“fruit-setting ,fruit weight, fruit size”
e2“were increased with the application of the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments increased fruit number per tree and yield per tree of apple.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- fruit number/tree, yield/tree (kg)e1
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“fruit number/tree, yield/tree (kg)”
e2“were increased with the application of the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments increased total chlorophyll, total carbohydrates and total protein in apple leaves.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll ,total carbohydrates, total proteine1
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“constituents of leaves (total chlorophyll ,total carbohydrates, total protein”
e2“were increased with the application of the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments increased nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents in apple leaves.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contentse2
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“constituents of leaves (total chlorophyll ,total carbohydrates, total protein”
e2“total protein, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents)”
e3“were increased with the application of the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments increased total soluble solids, TSS/acid ratio and vitamin C in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse1
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- Total Soluble Solids (T.S.S.), T.S.S/ acid ratio, vitamin Ce1
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“some chemical constituents of fruits (Total Soluble Solids (T.S.S.), T.S.S/ acid ratio, vitamin C”
e2“were increased with the application of the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments increased water content, total free amino acids and total carbohydrates in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse1
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- water content %, total free amino acids, total carbohydratese2
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“some chemical constituents of fruits (Total Soluble Solids (T.S.S.), T.S.S/ acid ratio, vitamin C”
e2“water content %, total free amino acids, total carbohydrates”
e3“were increased with the application of the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments increased total sugars and reducing sugars in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse1
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- total sugars and reducing sugarse2
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“some chemical constituents of fruits (Total Soluble Solids (T.S.S.), T.S.S/ acid ratio, vitamin C”
e2“total sugars and reducing sugars”
e3“were increased with the application of the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate with onion or garlic extract decreased total acidity and total phenols in apple fruit compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extracte0
- Outcome
- total acidity and total phenols in fruitse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e0“to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate, garlic extract and onion extract on bud break, growth, yield and some chemical constituents”
e1“the same treatments decreased total acidity and total phenols in fruits as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate at 5% mixed with onion extract at 10% gave the best results in apple.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill)Malus domesticat0
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate at 5% mixed with onion extract at 10%e1
- Outcome
- best resultse1
- Direction
- best resultse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e1“The best results were obtained from the treatments of potassium nitrate at 5% mixed with onion extract at 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar potassium nitrate at 5% in combination with onion or garlic extract at 10% for apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- use potassium nitrate at 5% in combination with onion extract or garlic extract at 10%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple (Malus Sylvestris, Mill) Trees”
e1“It could be recommended to use potassium nitrate at 5% in combination with onion extract or garlic extract at 10% for improving bud break, growth, yield and chemical constituents of apple trees or fruits”
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See all 17 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.