Abstract
This study was carried out during two successive seasons 2014 and 2015 on 8-year-old of “Anna” apple trees budded on Balady rootstock and planted at 4 x 4 m apart on sandy soil at South El-Tahrir in a private farm under drip irrigation system. Addition of natural elements compound (NEC) as soil application beside other biofertilizers extract was investigated as compared with the mineral fertilization.Biofertilizers markedly affected soil organic matter, pH and E.C. as their values changed with Azolla, Cyanobacteria individually and/or in combination. The higher increases in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium content in apple leaves nutrients were observed with the treatment (Azolla + Cyanobacteria and natural elements). Biofertilizer extracts alone or in combination with natural elements compounds (NEC) increased leaf area, leaf fresh weight, total leaf chlorophyll content, fruit set %, and yield. Foliar application of Cyanobacteria reduced fruit drop than foliated by Azolla in the two seasons. Treating trees by combination of biofertilizer and NEC resulted in the highest fruit firmness, TSS %, vitamin C and total fruit sugar as compared with the other treatments. During cold storage, results showed, that the least weight loss percentage was recorded by NEC + Cyanobacteria and Azolla treatment in the two seasons. While the highest acidity % was recorded by control and NEC treatments.Generally, application of biofertilizers extract (Azolla, Cyanobacteria and their mixture) with natural element compound (NEC) improved growth, yield and fruit quality at harvest and after storability process. In addition the increase in microbial activity in the soil which may reduce additions of inorganic fertilizers.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Azolla and Cyanobacteria treatments changed soil organic matter, pH and electrical conductivity.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Azolla, Cyanobacteria individually and/or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter, pH and E.C.e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biofertilizers markedly affected soil organic matter, pH and E.C. as their values changed with Azolla, Cyanobacteria individually and/or in combination”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Azolla, Cyanobacteria and natural elements gave higher apple-leaf N, P, K and Mg content.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Azolla + Cyanobacteria and natural elementse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium content in apple leaves nutrientse0
- Direction
- higher increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher increases in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium content in apple leaves nutrients were observed with the treatment (Azolla + Cyanobacteria and natural elements)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer extracts increased leaf area, leaf weight and chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer extracts alone or in combination with natural elements compounds (NEC)e0
- Outcome
- leaf area, leaf fresh weight, total leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biofertilizer extracts alone or in combination with natural elements compounds (NEC) increased leaf area, leaf fresh weight, total leaf chlorophyll content, fruit set %, and yield”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer extracts increased fruit set and yield.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer extracts alone or in combination with natural elements compounds (NEC)e0
- Outcome
- fruit set %, and yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biofertilizer extracts alone or in combination with natural elements compounds (NEC) increased leaf area, leaf fresh weight, total leaf chlorophyll content, fruit set %, and yield”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanobacteria foliar application reduced fruit drop relative to Azolla.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of Cyanobacteriae0
- Outcome
- fruit drope0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Azollae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of Cyanobacteria reduced fruit drop than foliated by Azolla in the two seasons”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer and NEC combination gave the highest firmness, soluble solids, vitamin C and sugar.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- combination of biofertilizer and NECe0
- Outcome
- fruit firmness, TSS %, vitamin C and total fruit sugare0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treating trees by combination of biofertilizer and NEC resulted in the highest fruit firmness, TSS %, vitamin C and total fruit sugar as compared with the other treatments”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
NEC with Cyanobacteria and Azolla gave the least storage weight loss.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NEC + Cyanobacteria and Azolla treatmente0
- Outcome
- weight loss percentagee0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the least weight loss percentage was recorded by NEC + Cyanobacteria and Azolla treatment in the two seasons”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Control and NEC treatments gave the highest acidity.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- control and NEC treatmentse0
- Outcome
- acidity %e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest acidity % was recorded by control and NEC treatments”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial activity increased.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- microbial activity in the soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition the increase in microbial activity in the soil which may reduce additions of inorganic fertilizers”
t0“Apple Trees”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.