Abstract
The experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons (years 2016 and 2017) in an organic apple orchard of the cultivar Jonathan. Several biostimulants were tested (10 in total), including humic acids, macro and micro seaweed extracts, alfalfa protein hydrolysate, amino acids alone or in combination with zinc, B-group vitamins, chitosan and a commercial product containing silicon. Treatments were performed at weekly intervals, starting from the end of May until mid-August. The macroseaweed extract was effective in stimulate tree growth potential in both years, as shown by a significantly larger leaf area (+20% as compared to control) and by an higher chlorophyll content and leaf photosynthetic rate in year 2016. As for the yield performances and apples quality traits at harvest (average fruit weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and flesh firmness), they were generally affected by the different climatic conditions that characterized the two growing seasons (year 2017 being characterized by higher maximal and average temperatures and by limited rainfalls at the beginning of the season). Treatments with macroseaweed extract, B-group vitamins and alfalfa protein hydrolysate were able to significantly improve the intensity and extension of the red coloration of apples at harvest. Correspondingly, the anthocyanin content in the skin of apples treated with the same biostimulants resulted significantly higher than control, highlighting the potential influence of these substances on the synthesis of secondary metabolites in apple. The incidence of physiological disorders was also monitored during apple storage period. Amino acids plus zinc application was effective in reducing (more than 50%) the incidence of the "Jonathan spot," the main post-harvest disorder for this cultivar.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The macroseaweed extract significantly increased leaf area (+20% compared with control) in apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Jonathane0
- Treatment
- macroseaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- largere1
- Value
- +20%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- organic apple orcharde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in an organic apple orchard of the cultivar Jonathan”
e1“The macroseaweed extract was effective in stimulate tree growth potential in both years, as shown by a significantly larger leaf area (+20% as compared to control)”
Claim · model-written summary
The macroseaweed extract increased chlorophyll content and leaf photosynthetic rate in 2016.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- macroseaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and leaf photosynthetic ratee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Setting
- year 2016e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in an organic apple orchard of the cultivar Jonathan”
e1“The macroseaweed extract was effective in stimulate tree growth potential in both years, as shown by a significantly larger leaf area (+20% as compared to control)”
e2“by an higher chlorophyll content and leaf photosynthetic rate in year 2016”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield performance and harvest fruit quality of apples were generally affected by the climatic conditions of the two growing seasons.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- yield performances and apples quality traits at harveste6
- Setting
- two growing seasonse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in an organic apple orchard of the cultivar Jonathan”
e6“As for the yield performances and apples quality traits at harvest (average fruit weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and flesh firmness), they were generally affected by the different climatic conditions that characterized the two growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Macroseaweed extract, B-group vitamins and alfalfa protein hydrolysate significantly improved the intensity and extension of apple red coloration at harvest.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- macroseaweed extract, B-group vitamins and alfalfa protein hydrolysatee3
- Outcome
- intensity and extension of the red coloratione3
- Direction
- improvee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in an organic apple orchard of the cultivar Jonathan”
e3“Treatments with macroseaweed extract, B-group vitamins and alfalfa protein hydrolysate were able to significantly improve the intensity and extension of the red coloration of apples at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple skin anthocyanin content was significantly higher in fruit treated with the same biostimulants than in control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- skine4
- Treatment
- the same biostimulantse4
- Outcome
- the anthocyanin content in the skin of applese4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in an organic apple orchard of the cultivar Jonathan”
e4“the anthocyanin content in the skin of apples treated with the same biostimulants resulted significantly higher than control”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acids plus zinc reduced the incidence of the storage disorder by more than 50%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Amino acids plus zinc applicatione5
- Outcome
- incidencee5
- Direction
- reducinge5
- Value
- more than 50%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in an organic apple orchard of the cultivar Jonathan”
e5“Amino acids plus zinc application was effective in reducing (more than 50%) the incidence of the”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.