Abstract
Fusarium culmorum is a principal causal agent of root, crown, and foot rot disease in the wheat-growing areas of Turkey. The effects of different fertilization practices, fungicide sprays, and cultivar reactions of 12 wheat varieties were investigated for disease development in greenhouse conditions in 2006-2007. The fertilizers used in the experiments significantly reduced disease by 27.5%-54.7% compared to the nonfertilized control. The plants fertilized with calcium ammonium nitrate (26% N) or composite NPK (15%, 15%, 15%) showed fewer disease symptoms than those fertilized with NPK (20%, 20%, 0%) in the presowing applications. On the other hand, foot rot severity was lower with ammonium nitrate (33% N) than urea (46% N) when applied as a supplement in the 25th and 45th growth stages of the Zadoks scale. Furthermore, fungicide sprays and seed dressing treatments also decreased foot rot symptoms. Seed treatment with tebuconazole lowered disease severity in the subcrown internode compared to the control and it was overall the most effective fungicide with 47.8% efficacy. When plants were sprayed with fluquinconazole, tebuconazole, or epoxyconazole + carbendazim (two times at Zadoks growth stages 31 and 45), disease severity decreased by 96.3%, 93.9%, and 91.0%, respectively. In the cultivar reaction tests, no stable or considerable tolerance was observed in the 12 wheat varieties against foot rot. It may be concluded from this study that fertilizer forms and fungicide preference can play an important role where Fusarium foot rot is the main problem in wheat-growing areas.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers reduced disease by 27.5%-54.7% relative to no fertilizer.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27.5%-54.7%e0
- Comparator
- nonfertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fertilizers used in the experiments significantly reduced disease by 27.5%-54.7% compared to the nonfertilized control.”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium ammonium nitrate produced fewer symptoms than NPK (20%, 20%, 0%).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- calcium ammonium nitrate (26% N)e0
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- NPK (20%, 20%, 0%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants fertilized with calcium ammonium nitrate (26% N) or composite NPK (15%, 15%, 15%) showed fewer disease symptoms than those fertilized with NPK (20%, 20%, 0%) in the presowing applications.”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Composite NPK produced fewer symptoms than NPK (20%, 20%, 0%).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- composite NPK (15%, 15%, 15%)e0
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- NPK (20%, 20%, 0%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants fertilized with calcium ammonium nitrate (26% N) or composite NPK (15%, 15%, 15%) showed fewer disease symptoms than those fertilized with NPK (20%, 20%, 0%) in the presowing applications.”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate gave lower foot rot severity than urea at stages 25 and 45.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- 25th and 45th growth stagese0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate (33% N)e0
- Outcome
- foot rot severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- urea (46% N)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foot rot severity was lower with ammonium nitrate (33% N) than urea (46% N) when applied as a supplement in the 25th and 45th growth stages of the Zadoks scale.”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide sprays decreased foot rot symptoms.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicide sprayse0
- Outcome
- foot rot symptomse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicide sprays and seed dressing treatments also decreased foot rot symptoms”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed dressing decreased foot rot symptoms.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seed dressing treatmentse0
- Outcome
- foot rot symptomse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicide sprays and seed dressing treatments also decreased foot rot symptoms”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole seed treatment lowered subcrown disease severity and had 47.8% efficacy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- subcrown internodee0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with tebuconazolee0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 47.8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with tebuconazole lowered disease severity in the subcrown internode compared to the control and it was overall the most effective fungicide with 47.8% efficacy.”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluquinconazole sprays decreased severity by 96.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fluquinconazolee0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 96.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sprayed with fluquinconazole, tebuconazole, or epoxyconazole + carbendazim (two times at Zadoks growth stages 31 and 45), disease severity decreased by 96.3%, 93.9%, and 91.0%”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole sprays decreased severity by 93.9%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 93.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sprayed with fluquinconazole, tebuconazole, or epoxyconazole + carbendazim (two times at Zadoks growth stages 31 and 45), disease severity decreased by 96.3%, 93.9%, and 91.0%”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Epoxyconazole plus carbendazim sprays decreased severity by 91.0%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- epoxyconazole + carbendazime0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 91.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sprayed with fluquinconazole, tebuconazole, or epoxyconazole + carbendazim (two times at Zadoks growth stages 31 and 45), disease severity decreased by 96.3%, 93.9%, and 91.0%”
t0“disease of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
No stable or considerable foot rot tolerance was found among 12 wheat varieties.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Value
- 12 wheat varietiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no stable or considerable tolerance was observed in the 12 wheat varieties against foot rot”
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