Abstract
In a series of field experiments in eastern England over 5 years, severe ear blight developed only in plots of winter wheat that were inoculated by spraying with conidial suspensions of Fusarium culmorum during anthesis, and in which infection was encouraged by rainfall or mist irrigation. In the absence of artificial inoculation of the ears, F. culmorum caused less extensive ear blight, and only where soil‐surface inoculum was available after its application on infested plant material (colonized oat grains) up to 3–4 weeks before anthesis; it then developed most where significant rainfall occurred close to the time of anthesis. A warm, dry period following application of inoculum to the ground in late March contributed to increased infection of grain by F. culmorum , although ear blight was not increased. Ear infection therefore depended on adequate viable inoculum on infested plant debris within the crop, and conditions tending to favour brown foot rot development as well as, subsequently, rainfall and moist conditions during anthesis. These conditions did not occur together naturally during this period. Seedling infection by F. culmorum or Microdochium nivale made no significant contribution to ear blight. Inoculation of ears at anthesis with M. nivale or a locally obtained isolate of F. langsethiae did not produce ear blight symptoms. Possibilities for minimizing the availability of inoculum of F. culmorum and the implications for various options for ear‐blight control are discussed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Severe ear blight developed only with ear spraying at anthesis plus rainfall or mist.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- spraying with conidial suspensions of Fusarium culmorum during anthesise0
- Interactor
- Fusarium culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume0pathogen - Outcome
- severe ear blighte0
- Setting
- eastern Englande1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“severe ear blight developed only in plots of winter wheat that were inoculated by spraying with conidial suspensions of Fusarium culmorum during anthesis, and in which infection was encouraged by rainfall or mist irrigation”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“eastern England”
Claim · model-written summary
Without artificial ear inoculation, F. culmorum caused less extensive blight when recent surface inoculum was available.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- ear blighte0
- Direction
- less extensivee0
- Qualifier
- up to 3–4 weeks before anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of artificial inoculation of the ears, F. culmorum caused less extensive ear blight, and only where soil‐surface inoculum was available after its application on infested plant material (colonized oat grains) up to 3–4 weeks before anthesis”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall near anthesis increased blight from surface inoculum.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- developed moste0
- Direction
- moste0
- Setting
- significant rainfalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it then developed most where significant rainfall occurred close to the time of anthesis”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A warm, dry period increased grain infection by F. culmorum.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- infection of grain by F. culmorume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- A warm, dry periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A warm, dry period following application of inoculum to the ground in late March contributed to increased infection of grain by F. culmorum”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The warm, dry period did not increase ear blight.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ear blighte0
- Direction
- not increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although ear blight was not increased”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling infection by F. culmorum made no significant contribution to ear blight.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- ear blighte0
- Direction
- no significant contributione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling infection by F. culmorum or Microdochium nivale made no significant contribution to ear blight”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling infection by Microdochium nivale made no significant contribution to ear blight.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Microdochium nivale
_Samuels_%26_I.C._Hallett_562904.jpg?width=60)
Microdochium nivalee0pathogen - Outcome
- ear blighte0
- Direction
- no significant contributione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Samuels_%26_I.C._Hallett_562904.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seedling infection by F. culmorum or Microdochium nivale made no significant contribution to ear blight”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear inoculation with M. nivale caused no blight symptoms.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of ears at anthesis with M. nivalee0
- Interactor
- M. nivaleMicrodochium nivalee0pathogen
- Outcome
- ear blight symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of ears at anthesis with M. nivale or a locally obtained isolate of F. langsethiae did not produce ear blight symptoms”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear inoculation with F. langsethiae caused no blight symptoms.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a locally obtained isolate of F. langsethiaee0
- Interactor
- F. langsethiaeFusarium langsethiaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- ear blight symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of ears at anthesis with M. nivale or a locally obtained isolate of F. langsethiae did not produce ear blight symptoms”
t0“winter wheat”
The same questions in other papers
Microdochium nivale · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Fusarium culmorum · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Fusarium langsethiae · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
application · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 83 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
96 papers more in this group
See all 100 papers →inoculation · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 104 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
160 papers more in this group
See all 164 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.