Abstract
Little work has been reported on the control of eriophyid mites with synthetic organic acaricides, and virtually none on the wheat curl mite, Aceria tulipae (Keif.). Rolling of the leaves caused by this species and the tendency for some mites to occur deep in the leaf sheaths between two surfaces protects them from sprays and suggested the translocation of systemic insecticides as the most promising means of control. Spraying with 30 different insecticides in greenhouse and field in the spring resulted in none that gave both high initial and long residual control. Eighty to 90% control was obtained at 2 to 3 days in the field with several insecticides but none exceeded 90% control. Best control at 5 weeks following spraying of young wheat in the fall was obtained with endrin in light mineral seal oil. After determining the maximum concentration of each systemic toxicant that was not highly detrimental to germination, three concentrations of each toxicant were tested. Retardation and/or reduction in germination resulted from the use of all seed treatments, although not above the 5% confidence limit in most cases when the toxicant did not exceed 0.125 pound per bushel. Impregnation of the toxicant in 4 pounds of Carhowax-6000 per bushel of seed, gave better control than soil drenches. Am. Cyanamid 12009 (95% control) and 12008 (85% control) at an average from 0.125 to 0.5 pound of toxicant in 4 pounds of Carbowax per bushel of seed, gave the best overall results at the end of 1 week. When these toxicants were impregnated in attac1ay at 1.0 pound toxicant per bushel, 89 and 74% control, respectively, was obtained at 1 week and 98 and 97%, respectively, at the end of 5 weeks. In field studies on plantings of fall-treated seed, best results, using Am. Cyanamid 12008 (89% control) and 12009 (72% control), were recorded at 5 weeks when the toxicant was used without being impregnated in granules. Mites were present in all cases when counts were made 10 weeks following planting as well as during the following spring. In no instance was control of wheat-streak mosaic obtained from seed treatments in 1954 when viruliferous mites were constantly introduced in large numbers onto the young wheat plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Spring insecticide sprays did not provide both high initial and persistent wheat curl mite control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 30 different insecticidese0
- Outcome
- high initial and long residual controle0
- Setting
- greenhouse and fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying with 30 different insecticides in greenhouse and field in the spring resulted in none that gave both high initial and long residual control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Several field sprays achieved eighty to 90% mite control after 2 to 3 days, but none exceeded 90%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- Eighty to 90%e0
- Qualifier
- at 2 to 3 dayse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eighty to 90% control was obtained at 2 to 3 days in the field with several insecticides but none exceeded 90% control.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Endrin in light mineral seal oil gave the best control five weeks after fall spraying of young wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- endrin in light mineral seal oile0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- Beste0
- Qualifier
- at 5 weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Best control at 5 weeks following spraying of young wheat in the fall was obtained with endrin in light mineral seal oil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments retarded or reduced wheat germination, mostly without statistical significance at toxicant doses up to 0.125 pound per bushel.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- Retardation and/or reductione0
- Qualifier
- when the toxicant did not exceed 0.125 pound per bushele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Retardation and/or reduction in germination resulted from the use of all seed treatments, although not above the 5% confidence limit in most cases when the toxicant did not exceed 0.125 pound per bushel.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxicant impregnated in Carhowax-6000 controlled mites better than soil drenches.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Impregnation of the toxicant in 4 pounds of Carhowax-6000 per bushel of seede0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- soil drenchese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Impregnation of the toxicant in 4 pounds of Carhowax-6000 per bushel of seed, gave better control than soil drenches.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Am. Cyanamid 12009 gave 95% mite control after one week.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Am. Cyanamid 12009e0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Qualifier
- at the end of 1 weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Am. Cyanamid 12009 (95% control) and 12008 (85% control) at an average from 0.125 to 0.5 pound of toxicant in 4 pounds of Carbowax per bushel of seed, gave the best overall results at the end of 1 week.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Am. Cyanamid 12008 gave 85% mite control after one week.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 12008e0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 85%e0
- Qualifier
- at the end of 1 weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Am. Cyanamid 12009 (95% control) and 12008 (85% control) at an average from 0.125 to 0.5 pound of toxicant in 4 pounds of Carbowax per bushel of seed, gave the best overall results at the end of 1 week.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Attac1ay impregnation of the first toxicant yielded 89% control at one week and 98% at five weeks.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 89 and 74%e0
- Qualifier
- at 1 weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When these toxicants were impregnated in attac1ay at 1.0 pound toxicant per bushel, 89 and 74% control, respectively, was obtained at 1 week and 98 and 97%, respectively, at the end of 5 weeks.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of Am. Cyanamid 12008 without granules gave 89% mite control at five weeks.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Am. Cyanamid 12008e0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 89%e0
- Qualifier
- at 5 weekse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In field studies on plantings of fall-treated seed, best results, using Am. Cyanamid 12008 (89% control) and 12009 (72% control), were recorded at 5 weeks when the toxicant was used without being impregnated in granules.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of Am. Cyanamid 12009 without granules gave 72% mite control at five weeks.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 12009e0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Qualifier
- at 5 weekse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In field studies on plantings of fall-treated seed, best results, using Am. Cyanamid 12008 (89% control) and 12009 (72% control), were recorded at 5 weeks when the toxicant was used without being impregnated in granules.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mites remained present ten weeks after planting and in the following spring.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Mites were presente0
- Qualifier
- 10 weeks following plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mites were present in all cases when counts were made 10 weeks following planting as well as during the following spring.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments did not control wheat-streak mosaic when viruliferous mites were repeatedly introduced.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- control of wheat-streak mosaice0
- Direction
- no instancee0
- Qualifier
- when viruliferous mites were constantly introducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In no instance was control of wheat-streak mosaic obtained from seed treatments in 1954 when viruliferous mites were constantly introduced in large numbers onto the young wheat plants.”
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