Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2007 and 2008 at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Agricultural Research Center, at EL-Serw, Damietta Gover-norate Egypt, to study the effect of the bio horm and weed control treatments (Bentazon, Py-razosoulfuron, Fenoxaprop, Penoxsulam, Bentazon + Fenoxaprop, Bentazon + Penoxsulam, Pyrazosoulfuron + Fenoxaprop, Pyrazosoulfuron + Penoxsulam, twice hand weeding and un- weeded check ) on growth, yield, its components and NPK percentage in grains of direct seeded rice as well as associated weeds in salinity soil. Results illustrated that appli-cation of bio horm increased fresh and dry weight of total weeds. Spraying bio horm after 50 days from sowing (DFS) markedly increased rice growth characters (plant height, number of productive till-ers, fresh and dry weight of rice plants), yield and yield components (panicle length, number of pani-cles/m2, weight of 1000 grain, grain and straw yield) and N, P and K% of grain rice, as compared with untreated treatment. All weed control treat-ments caused significant reduction on number, fresh and dry weight of total weeds/m2 after 60 DFS in both seasons. Pyrazosoulfuron treatment gave the highest decrease in total number of weeds followed by Pyrazosoulfuron + Penoxsulam and Pyrazosoulfuron + Fenoxaprop treatments. Pyrazosoulfuron + Fenoxaprop treatment gave the highest decrease in total fresh weight of weeds followed by Bentazon + Penoxsulam, Pyrazosoul-furon and Pyrazosoulfuron + Penoxsulam, respec-tively in the first season. While, in the second sea-son Pyrazosoulfuron treatment gave the lowest values of total fresh weight of weeds. Meanwhile, Bentazon + Penoxsulam was more effective than other treatments in reducing the dry weight of total weeds in both seasons. All herbicidal treatments and hand weeding increased significantly growth, yield, yield components and chemical composition of grain rice. Bentazon + Penoxsulam was superior treatment for increasing number of productive tillers, number of panicles / m2, 1000- grain weight and grain and straw yield as well as NPK percent-age of rice grains in both seasons. While, the same treatment Bentazon + Penoxsulam recorded the highest values of plant height, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and panical length in the first season. While, Pyrazosoulfuron + Penoxsulam gave the highest increment in plant height, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and straw yield in the second season. The interaction between bio horm and weed management treatments had significant effect on total fresh and dry weight of weeds, num-ber of productive tillers and 1000 grain weight. Pyrazosoulfuron produced the maximum values of number of productive tillers when bio horm was used in the second season, while, application of Bentazon + Penoxsulam gave the highest values of 1000 grain weight when bio horm was used in the second season. It could be concluded that using the bioregulator (bio horm) resulted in incre-ment of growth and productivity of rice crop under salinity soils. Using the combinations of herbicides caused more reduction of weeds and increased rice grain yield.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Bio horm increased total weed fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- weedse0
- Treatment
- bio horme0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight of total weedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Results illustrated that appli-cation of bio horm increased fresh and dry weight of total weeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio horm sprayed 50 days after sowing increased rice height, productive tillers and plant weight relative to untreated treatment.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Spraying bio horm after 50 days from sowing (DFS)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of productive till-ers, fresh and dry weight of rice plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying bio horm after 50 days from sowing (DFS) markedly increased rice growth characters (plant height, number of productive till-ers, fresh and dry weight of rice plants)”
e1“as compared with untreated treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio horm increased rice panicle length, panicle number and thousand grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Spraying bio horm after 50 days from sowing (DFS)e0
- Outcome
- panicle length, number of pani-cles/m2, weight of 1000 graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying bio horm after 50 days from sowing (DFS) markedly increased rice growth characters (plant height, number of productive till-ers, fresh and dry weight of rice plants), yield and yield components (panicle length, number of pani-cles/m2, weight of 1000 grain, grain and straw yield)”
e1“as compared with untreated treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio horm increased rice grain and straw yield and grain N, P and K percentages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Spraying bio horm after 50 days from sowing (DFS)e0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yield) and N, P and K% of grain ricee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying bio horm after 50 days from sowing (DFS) markedly increased rice growth characters (plant height, number of productive till-ers, fresh and dry weight of rice plants), yield and yield components (panicle length, number of pani-cles/m2, weight of 1000 grain, grain and straw yield) and N, P and K% of grain rice, as compared with untreated treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
All weed control treatments significantly reduced weed number and fresh and dry weight after 60 days in both seasons.
- Taxon
- weedse0
- Treatment
- All weed control treat-mentse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- number, fresh and dry weight of total weeds/m2e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- after 60 DFS in both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All weed control treat-ments caused significant reduction on number, fresh and dry weight of total weeds/m2 after 60 DFS in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrazosoulfuron most reduced weed numbers, followed by its combinations with Penoxsulam and Fenoxaprop.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrazosoulfuron treatment gave the highest decrease in total number of weeds followed by Pyrazosoulfuron + Penoxsulam and Pyrazosoulfuron + Fenoxaprop treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrazosoulfuron plus Fenoxaprop most reduced weed fresh weight in the first season, followed by Bentazon plus Penoxsulam, Pyrazosoulfuron and Pyrazosoulfuron plus Penoxsulam.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrazosoulfuron + Fenoxaprop treatment gave the highest decrease in total fresh weight of weeds followed by Bentazon + Penoxsulam, Pyrazosoul-furon and Pyrazosoulfuron + Penoxsulam, respec-tively in the first season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrazosoulfuron gave the lowest total weed fresh weight in the second season.
- Taxon
- weedse0
- Treatment
- Pyrazosoulfurone0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- total fresh weight of weedse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- in the second sea-sone0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“While, in the second sea-son Pyrazosoulfuron treatment gave the lowest values of total fresh weight of weeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon plus Penoxsulam reduced weed dry weight more effectively than other treatments in both seasons.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, Bentazon + Penoxsulam was more effective than other treatments in reducing the dry weight of total weeds in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments significantly increased rice growth, yield, yield components and grain chemical composition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- All herbicidal treatmentse0
- Outcome
- growth, yield, yield components and chemical composition of grain ricee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicidal treatments and hand weeding increased significantly growth, yield, yield components and chemical composition of grain rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding significantly increased rice growth, yield, yield components and grain chemical composition.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- growth, yield, yield components and chemical composition of grain ricee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All herbicidal treatments and hand weeding increased significantly growth, yield, yield components and chemical composition of grain rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon plus Penoxsulam was superior for rice productive tillers, panicle number and thousand grain weight in both seasons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Bentazon + Penoxsulame0
- Outcome
- number of productive tillers, number of panicles / m2, 1000- grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bentazon + Penoxsulam was superior treatment for increasing number of productive tillers, number of panicles / m2, 1000- grain weight and grain and straw yield as well as NPK percent-age of rice grains in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon plus Penoxsulam was superior for rice grain and straw yield and grain NPK percentage in both seasons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Bentazon + Penoxsulame0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yield as well as NPK percent-age of rice grainse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bentazon + Penoxsulam was superior treatment for increasing number of productive tillers, number of panicles / m2, 1000- grain weight and grain and straw yield as well as NPK percent-age of rice grains in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon plus Penoxsulam maximized plant height, fresh and dry whole plant weight and panicle length in the first season.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Bentazon + Penoxsulame0
- Outcome
- plant height, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and panical lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in the first seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While, the same treatment Bentazon + Penoxsulam recorded the highest values of plant height, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and panical length in the first season.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrazosoulfuron plus Penoxsulam maximized increases in plant height, plant weight and straw yield in the second season.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Pyrazosoulfuron + Penoxsulame0
- Outcome
- plant height, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and straw yielde0
- Direction
- highest incremente0
- Qualifier
- in the second seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While, Pyrazosoulfuron + Penoxsulam gave the highest increment in plant height, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and straw yield in the second season.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio horm by weed management interaction significantly affected weed fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- weedse0
- Treatment
- interaction between bio horm and weed management treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- total fresh and dry weight of weedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between bio horm and weed management treatments had significant effect on total fresh and dry weight of weeds, num-ber of productive tillers and 1000 grain weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio horm by weed management interaction significantly affected rice productive tillers and thousand grain weight.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- interaction between bio horm and weed management treatmentse0
- Outcome
- num-ber of productive tillers and 1000 grain weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between bio horm and weed management treatments had significant effect on total fresh and dry weight of weeds, num-ber of productive tillers and 1000 grain weight.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrazosoulfuron with bio horm maximized productive tillers in the second season.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Pyrazosoulfurone0
- Outcome
- number of productive tillerse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- when bio horm was used in the second seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrazosoulfuron produced the maximum values of number of productive tillers when bio horm was used in the second season”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon plus Penoxsulam with bio horm maximized thousand grain weight in the second season.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Bentazon + Penoxsulame0
- Outcome
- 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- when bio horm was used in the second seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Bentazon + Penoxsulam gave the highest values of 1000 grain weight when bio horm was used in the second season.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide combinations reduced weeds more and increased rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- combinations of herbicidese0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- more reduction of weedse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the combinations of herbicides caused more reduction of weeds and increased rice grain yield.”
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