Abstract
Higher water requirements and increasing labor costs are the major problems of the traditional rice production system. Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate. However, poor emergence and seedling establishment, and weed infestation are the main hindrances in the adoption of this culture. An attempt to improve the performance of direct seeded rice by seed priming was made in the present study. Priming tools employed were traditional soaking (soaking in tap water up to radicle protrusion), hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl or CaCl2 (osmotic potential of – 1.25 MPa) for 24 h, vitamin priming (ascorbate 10 ppm) for 48 h and seed hardening for 24 h. All the priming techniques improved crop stand establishment, growth, yield and quality except traditional soaking, which resulted in impaired germination and seedling establishment that ended in reduced kernel yield and lower harvest index than that of control. Early and synchronized germination was accompanied by enhanced amylase activity and total sugars. Osmohardening with CaCl2 resulted in the best performance, followed by hardening and osmohardening with KCl. Osmohardening with CaCl2 produced 2.96 t ha-1 (vs 2.11 t ha-1 from untreated control) kernel yield, 10.13 t ha-1 (vs 9.35 t ha-1 from untreated control) straw yield and 22.61% (vs 18.91% from untreated control) harvest index. Mean emergence time and emergence to heading days, germination percentage and panicle bearing tillers; plant height and straw yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel yield, α-amylase activity and total sugars, kernel proteins and kernel water absorption were correlated positively.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
All priming techniques except traditional soaking improved crop stand establishment and growth of direct seeded rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- All the priming techniquese1
- Outcome
- crop stand establishment, growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- except traditional soakinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e1“All the priming techniques improved crop stand establishment, growth, yield and quality except traditional soaking, which resulted in impaired germination and seedling establishment that ended in reduced kernel yield and lower harvest index than that of control”
Claim · model-written summary
All priming techniques except traditional soaking improved yield and quality of direct seeded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- All the priming techniquese1
- Outcome
- yield and qualitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- except traditional soakinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e1“All the priming techniques improved crop stand establishment, growth, yield and quality except traditional soaking, which resulted in impaired germination and seedling establishment that ended in reduced kernel yield and lower harvest index than that of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional soaking impaired germination and seedling establishment of direct seeded rice compared with control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- traditional soakinge1
- Outcome
- germination and seedling establishmente1
- Direction
- impairede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e1“All the priming techniques improved crop stand establishment, growth, yield and quality except traditional soaking, which resulted in impaired germination and seedling establishment that ended in reduced kernel yield and lower harvest index than that of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional soaking reduced kernel yield of direct seeded rice compared with control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- traditional soakinge1
- Outcome
- kernel yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e1“All the priming techniques improved crop stand establishment, growth, yield and quality except traditional soaking, which resulted in impaired germination and seedling establishment that ended in reduced kernel yield and lower harvest index than that of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional soaking gave a lower harvest index of direct seeded rice than control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- traditional soakinge1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e1“All the priming techniques improved crop stand establishment, growth, yield and quality except traditional soaking, which resulted in impaired germination and seedling establishment that ended in reduced kernel yield and lower harvest index than that of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Early and synchronized germination of rice was accompanied by enhanced amylase activity and total sugars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- total sugarse2
- Outcome
- amylase activity and total sugarse2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e2“Early and synchronized germination was accompanied by enhanced amylase activity and total sugars”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmohardening with CaCl2 gave the best performance of rice, followed by hardening and osmohardening with KCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Osmohardening with CaCl2e3
- Outcome
- performancee3
- Direction
- beste3
- Comparator
- hardening and osmohardening with KCle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e3“Osmohardening with CaCl2 resulted in the best performance, followed by hardening and osmohardening with KCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmohardening with CaCl2 gave higher kernel yield of rice than untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Osmohardening with CaCl2e5
- Outcome
- kernel yielde5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 2.96 t ha-1e5
- Comparator
- untreated controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e5“Osmohardening with CaCl2 produced 2.96 t ha-1 (vs 2.11 t ha-1 from untreated control) kernel yield, 10.13 t ha-1 (vs 9.35 t ha-1 from untreated control) straw yield and 22.61% (vs 18.91% from untreated control) harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmohardening with CaCl2 gave higher straw yield of rice than untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Osmohardening with CaCl2e5
- Outcome
- straw yielde5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 10.13 t ha-1e5
- Comparator
- untreated controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e5“Osmohardening with CaCl2 produced 2.96 t ha-1 (vs 2.11 t ha-1 from untreated control) kernel yield, 10.13 t ha-1 (vs 9.35 t ha-1 from untreated control) straw yield and 22.61% (vs 18.91% from untreated control) harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmohardening with CaCl2 gave higher harvest index of rice than untreated control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Osmohardening with CaCl2e5
- Outcome
- harvest indexe5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 22.61%e5
- Comparator
- untreated controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
e5“Osmohardening with CaCl2 produced 2.96 t ha-1 (vs 2.11 t ha-1 from untreated control) kernel yield, 10.13 t ha-1 (vs 9.35 t ha-1 from untreated control) straw yield and 22.61% (vs 18.91% from untreated control) harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean emergence time and emergence to heading days were positively correlated with seed priming traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Seed Primingt0
- Outcome
- Mean emergence time and emergence to heading dayse4
- Direction
- correlated positivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
t0“Enhancing the Performance of Direct Seeded Fine Rice by Seed Priming”
e4“Mean emergence time and emergence to heading days, germination percentage and panicle bearing tillers; plant height and straw yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel yield, α-amylase activity and total sugars, kernel proteins and kernel water absorption were correlated positively”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination percentage and panicle bearing tillers were positively correlated with seed priming traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Seed Primingt0
- Outcome
- germination percentage and panicle bearing tillerse4
- Direction
- correlated positivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
t0“Enhancing the Performance of Direct Seeded Fine Rice by Seed Priming”
e4“Mean emergence time and emergence to heading days, germination percentage and panicle bearing tillers; plant height and straw yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel yield, α-amylase activity and total sugars, kernel proteins and kernel water absorption were correlated positively”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height and straw yield were positively correlated with seed priming traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Seed Primingt0
- Outcome
- plant height and straw yielde4
- Direction
- correlated positivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
t0“Enhancing the Performance of Direct Seeded Fine Rice by Seed Priming”
e4“Mean emergence time and emergence to heading days, germination percentage and panicle bearing tillers; plant height and straw yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel yield, α-amylase activity and total sugars, kernel proteins and kernel water absorption were correlated positively”
Claim · model-written summary
1000-kernel weight and kernel yield were positively correlated with seed priming traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Seed Primingt0
- Outcome
- 1000-kernel weight and kernel yielde4
- Direction
- correlated positivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
t0“Enhancing the Performance of Direct Seeded Fine Rice by Seed Priming”
e4“Mean emergence time and emergence to heading days, germination percentage and panicle bearing tillers; plant height and straw yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel yield, α-amylase activity and total sugars, kernel proteins and kernel water absorption were correlated positively”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel proteins and kernel water absorption were positively correlated with seed priming traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Seed Primingt0
- Outcome
- kernel proteins and kernel water absorptione4
- Direction
- correlated positivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
t0“Enhancing the Performance of Direct Seeded Fine Rice by Seed Priming”
e4“Mean emergence time and emergence to heading days, germination percentage and panicle bearing tillers; plant height and straw yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel yield, α-amylase activity and total sugars, kernel proteins and kernel water absorption were correlated positively”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-amylase activity and total sugars were positively correlated with seed priming traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Seed Primingt0
- Outcome
- α-amylase activity and total sugarse4
- Direction
- correlated positivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice culture, growing rice without standing water, can be an attractive alternate”
t0“Enhancing the Performance of Direct Seeded Fine Rice by Seed Priming”
e4“Mean emergence time and emergence to heading days, germination percentage and panicle bearing tillers; plant height and straw yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel yield, α-amylase activity and total sugars, kernel proteins and kernel water absorption were correlated positively”
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