Abstract
Abstract In Bangladesh, weeds in transplanted rice are largely controlled by labor-intensive and costly manual weeding, resulting in inadequate and untimely weed control. Labor scarcity coupled with intensive rice production has triggered increased use of herbicides. These factors warrant a cost-effective and strategic integrated weed management (IWM) approach. On-farm trials with transplanted rice were conducted during monsoon (‘ Aman ’) season in 2016 and 2017 and winter (‘ Boro ’) season in 2016 to 2017 in agroecological zones 11 and 12 with ten treatments—seven herbicide-based IWM options, one mechanical weed control-based option, and two checks (farmers’ current weed control practice and weed-free)—to assess effects on weed control, grain yield, labor use, and profitability. Compared to farmers’ practice, herbicide-based IWM options with mefenacet + bensulfuron-methyl as preemergence followed by (fb) either bispyribac-sodium or penoxsulam as postemergence fb one hand-weeding were the most profitable alternatives, with reductions in labor requirement by 11 to 25 person-days ha –1 and in total weed control cost by US$44 to 94 ha –1 , resulting in net returns increases by US$54 to 77 ha –1 without compromising on grain yield. In contrast, IWM options with bispyrbac-sodium or penoxsulam as postemergence application fb one hand-weeding reduced yields by 12% to 13% and profits by US$71 to 190 ha –1 . The nonchemical option with mechanical weeding fb one hand-weeding performed similarly to farmers’ practice on yield and profitability. We suggest additional research to develop feasible herbicide-free approaches to weed management in transplanted rice that can offer competitive advantages to current practices.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence mefenacet plus bensulfuron-methyl followed by bispyribac-sodium and hand-weeding reduced rice weed-control labor by 11 to 25 person-days per hectare versus farmer practice.
Verbatim
e0“herbicide-based IWM options with mefenacet + bensulfuron-methyl as preemergence followed by (fb) either bispyribac-sodium or penoxsulam as postemergence fb one hand-weeding were the most profitable alternatives, with reductions in labor requirement by 11 to 25 person-days ha –1”
e1“Compared to farmers’ practice”
t0“transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The leading herbicide-based IWM options reduced rice weed-control cost by US$44 to 94 per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“in total weed control cost by US$44 to 94 ha –1”
e1“Compared to farmers’ practice, herbicide-based IWM options with mefenacet + bensulfuron-methyl as preemergence followed by (fb) either bispyribac-sodium or penoxsulam as postemergence fb one hand-weeding were the most profitable alternatives, with reductions in labor requirement by 11 to 25 person-days ha –1 and in total weed control cost by US$44 to 94 ha –1”
t0“transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The leading herbicide-based IWM options increased net returns by US$54 to 77 per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in net returns increases by US$54 to 77 ha –1 without compromising on grain yield”
e1“Compared to farmers’ practice, herbicide-based IWM options”
t0“transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The leading herbicide-based IWM options maintained rice grain yield.
Verbatim
e0“without compromising on grain yield”
e1“Compared to farmers’ practice, herbicide-based IWM options”
t0“transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence bispyrbac-sodium or penoxsulam followed by hand-weeding reduced rice yield by 12% to 13%.
Verbatim
e0“IWM options with bispyrbac-sodium or penoxsulam as postemergence application fb one hand-weeding reduced yields by 12% to 13% and profits by US$71 to 190 ha –1”
e1“Compared to farmers’ practice”
t0“transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence bispyrbac-sodium or penoxsulam followed by hand-weeding reduced rice profits by US$71 to 190 per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“IWM options with bispyrbac-sodium or penoxsulam as postemergence application fb one hand-weeding reduced yields by 12% to 13% and profits by US$71 to 190 ha –1”
e1“Compared to farmers’ practice”
t0“transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical weeding followed by hand-weeding gave similar rice yield and profitability to farmer practice.
Verbatim
e0“The nonchemical option with mechanical weeding fb one hand-weeding performed similarly to farmers’ practice on yield and profitability.”
t0“transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend more research on feasible herbicide-free weed management for transplanted rice.
Verbatim
e0“We suggest additional research to develop feasible herbicide-free approaches to weed management in transplanted rice that can offer competitive advantages to current practices.”
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