Abstract
Field studies to evaluate the efficacy of OMRI-certified fungicides and other materials for control of early blight caused by Alternaria solani and Septoria leaf spot of tomato were conducted in Lexington, Kentucky during 2009 and 2010. Nine fungicides as well as ammonium bicarbonate and chitosan were evaluated in an organic production system. The most effective fungicides for managing Septoria leaf spot and early blight of tomato were copper based. None of the biological-based products (Sonata® and Serenade Max®), plant-based extracts (Trilogy® and Regalia® SC), chitosan, ammonium bicarbonate nor horticultural lime sulfur provided a significant (P>0.05) reduction in disease severity. However, despite significant (P<0.05) disease control in plots treated with copper-based products, no significant (P>0.05) improvement in yield over the untreated control was observed during the first two experiments in which the initial symptoms of foliar disease were observed after fruits were set. In the third field trial, in which initial symptoms were observed before fruit set, Serenade Max®, Bordeaux mixture, Regalia® SC, water-soluble chitosan and lime sulfur improved yield, although none provided significant disease control. These results suggest that, when necrotrophic foliar disease develops after fruit set, fungicides may have no effect on yield. In addition, some OMRI-certified fungicides may improve tomato yields by unknown mechanisms that do not involve disease control.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Copper-based fungicides were the most effective against Septoria leaf spot and early blight.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- copper basede0
- Outcome
- Septoria leaf spot and early blighte0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
SeptoriaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective fungicides for managing Septoria leaf spot and early blight of tomato were copper based.”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed biological products, extracts and other materials did not significantly reduce disease severity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biological-based products (Sonata® and Serenade Max®), plant-based extracts (Trilogy® and Regalia® SC), chitosan, ammonium bicarbonate nor horticultural lime sulfure0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- Nonee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the biological-based products (Sonata® and Serenade Max®), plant-based extracts (Trilogy® and Regalia® SC), chitosan, ammonium bicarbonate nor horticultural lime sulfur provided a significant (P>0.05) reduction in disease severity.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper-based products significantly controlled disease.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper-based productse0
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- disease controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“despite significant (P<0.05) disease control in plots treated with copper-based products”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper-based products did not significantly improve yield in the first two experiments when symptoms appeared after fruit set.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper-based productse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no significant (P>0.05) improvemente0
- Qualifier
- after fruits were sete0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“despite significant (P<0.05) disease control in plots treated with copper-based products, no significant (P>0.05) improvement in yield over the untreated control was observed during the first two experiments in which the initial symptoms of foliar disease were observed after fruits were set”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Serenade Max improved yield in the third trial, with symptoms before fruit set.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Serenade Max®e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- before fruit sete0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the third field trial, in which initial symptoms were observed before fruit set, Serenade Max®, Bordeaux mixture, Regalia® SC, water-soluble chitosan and lime sulfur improved yield, although none provided significant disease control.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bordeaux mixture improved yield in the third trial.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bordeaux mixturee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bordeaux mixture, Regalia® SC, water-soluble chitosan and lime sulfur improved yield”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Regalia SC improved yield in the third trial.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Regalia® SCe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regalia® SC, water-soluble chitosan and lime sulfur improved yield”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble chitosan improved yield in the third trial.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- water-soluble chitosane0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water-soluble chitosan and lime sulfur improved yield”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime sulfur improved yield in the third trial.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lime sulfure0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lime sulfur improved yield”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The third-trial yield-improving treatments did not significantly control disease.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Serenade Max®, Bordeaux mixture, Regalia® SC, water-soluble chitosan and lime sulfure0
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- none providede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Serenade Max®, Bordeaux mixture, Regalia® SC, water-soluble chitosan and lime sulfur improved yield, although none provided significant disease control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest fungicides may have no yield effect when necrotrophic foliar disease appears after fruit set.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- after fruit sete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when necrotrophic foliar disease develops after fruit set, fungicides may have no effect on yield”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest some certified fungicides may increase tomato yield through mechanisms other than disease control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OMRI-certified fungicidese0
- Outcome
- tomato yieldse0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- unknown mechanisms that do not involve disease controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some OMRI-certified fungicides may improve tomato yields by unknown mechanisms that do not involve disease control”
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