Abstract
Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production. The disease is currently controlled by fungicides (especially sulfur) in both conventional and organic production. Four factorial greenhouse experiments were conducted in successive cropping seasons (autumn 2005, autumn 2006, spring 2006, and spring 2007) to assess the main and combined effects of (i) a less-susceptible hybrid ('Elpida'), (ii) chitin soil amendment, or (iii) Milsana or chitosan elicitor foliar treatments on the severity of powdery mildew and crop performance. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of cropping season on disease severity and crop yield. All control practices reduced disease severity; reductions of approximately 40, 30, 15, and 15% were achieved by Milsana foliar treatment, the use of a less-susceptible hybrid, chitosan foliar treatment, and chitin soil amendment, respectively. In the season with the highest disease pressure, higher yields were obtained with the less-susceptible hybrid Elpida whereas, in the three seasons with no or low disease pressure, the use of the more susceptible hybrid 'Bison' produced higher yields. Milsana and sulfur treatments did not significantly affect yield (yields were slightly lower compared with untreated control plants) and, therefore, their use cannot be recommended based on the results obtained.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping season significantly affected powdery mildew severity and yield of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- cropping seasone2
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewe1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity and crop yielde2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production”
e2“Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of cropping season on disease severity and crop yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Milsana foliar treatment reduced powdery mildew severity in tomato by approximately 40%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Milsana foliar treatmente3
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewe1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- approximately 40e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production”
e3“All control practices reduced disease severity; reductions of approximately 40, 30, 15, and 15% were achieved by Milsana foliar treatment, the use of a less-susceptible hybrid, chitosan foliar treatment, and chitin soil amendment, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The less-susceptible hybrid reduced powdery mildew severity in tomato by approximately 30%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- the use of a less-susceptible hybride3
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewe1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 30e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production”
e3“All control practices reduced disease severity; reductions of approximately 40, 30, 15, and 15% were achieved by Milsana foliar treatment, the use of a less-susceptible hybrid, chitosan foliar treatment, and chitin soil amendment, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan foliar treatment reduced powdery mildew severity in tomato by approximately 15%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- chitosan foliar treatmente3
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewe1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 15e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production”
e3“All control practices reduced disease severity; reductions of approximately 40, 30, 15, and 15% were achieved by Milsana foliar treatment, the use of a less-susceptible hybrid, chitosan foliar treatment, and chitin soil amendment, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin soil amendment reduced powdery mildew severity in tomato by approximately 15%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- chitin soil amendmente3
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewe1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 15e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production”
e3“All control practices reduced disease severity; reductions of approximately 40, 30, 15, and 15% were achieved by Milsana foliar treatment, the use of a less-susceptible hybrid, chitosan foliar treatment, and chitin soil amendment, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In the season with the highest disease pressure, the less-susceptible hybrid Elpida gave higher tomato yields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- less-susceptible hybrid Elpidae4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Setting
- the season with the highest disease pressuree4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production”
e4“In the season with the highest disease pressure, higher yields were obtained with the less-susceptible hybrid Elpida”
Claim · model-written summary
In seasons with no or low disease pressure, the more susceptible hybrid Bison gave higher tomato yields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- the use of the more susceptible hybride5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Setting
- the three seasons with no or low disease pressuree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production”
e5“in the three seasons with no or low disease pressure, the use of the more susceptible hybrid 'Bison' produced higher yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Milsana and sulfur treatments did not significantly affect tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Milsana and sulfur treatmentse6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte6
- Qualifier
- yields were slightly lower compared with untreated control plantse6
- Comparator
- untreated control plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production”
e6“Milsana and sulfur treatments did not significantly affect yield (yields were slightly lower compared with untreated control plants)”
Claim · model-written summary
Milsana and sulfur treatments cannot be recommended for tomato powdery mildew control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Milsana and sulfur treatmentse6
- Outcome
- their usee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production”
e6“Milsana and sulfur treatments did not significantly affect yield (yields were slightly lower compared with untreated control plants)”
e7“their use cannot be recommended based on the results obtained”
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