Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Selected Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizers on Growth and Productivity of Rice

Abstract

Phosphorus is the second most significant macro nutrient in rice productivity. Phosphorus fixation in Egyptian soil makes it unavailable for rice to absorb. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of microbial and chemical sources of phosphorus fertilizers on the Egyptian Sakha 106 rice cultivar by applying different sources of phosphorus to increase the bioavailability of soil phosphorus for plants and to allow it to be fixed biologically to change it from an insoluble form to a soluble and available form for rice to absorb. So, in the 2019 and 2020 seasons, a field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. The experiment was carried out using a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications to determine the best phosphorus source for rice and soil among various treatments, which included 100% single super phosphate (SSP) basal application (P1), 75% single super phosphate (SSP) basal application (P2), P2 + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSBs) top-dressing, P2 + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) top-dressing P2 + phosphorus nanoparticles (PNPs) foliar spraying, P2 + phosphoric acid (PA) foliar spraying, P2 + (PSBs + AMFs) foliar spraying, P2 + (PSBs + PNPs) foliar spraying, P2 + (PSBs + PA) foliar spraying, P2 + (PNPs + PA) foliar spraying, P2 + (PSBs + PNPs + PA) foliar spraying and zero-phosphorus fertilizer. The results showed that the highest values were mostly obtained using the combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA, with substantial beneficial impacts on the leaf area index (3.706 and 3.527), dry matter accumulation (464.3 and 462.8 g m2), plant height (96.33 and 95.00 cm), phosphorus uptake in grain (24.3 and 24.49 Kg ha−1), phosphorus uptake in straw (17.7 and 17.0 Kg ha−1) and available phosphorus in the soil at harvest (21.75 and 21.70 ppm) in the 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively; moreover, 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA or 100% SSP basal application alone improved the number of panicles (506.3 or 521.1 and 521.9 or 547.1 m−2), filled grain weight (3.549 or 3.534 and 3.627 or 3.767 g panicle−1), the percentage of filled grain (96.19 or 96.47 and 95.43 or 96.24%), grain yield (9.353 or 9.221 and 9.311 or 9.148 t ha−1) and straw yield (11.51 or 11.46 and 11.82 or 11.69 t ha−1) in the 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively. Chemical P fertilizers combined with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA obtained the highest crop productivity and improved most of the examined characteristics without any significant changes with respect to chemical P application alone in some other characteristics, followed by 75% SSP + top-dressing with PSBs + AMFs. The treatment that included the combination of 75% SSP basal application and the foliar spraying of PSBs +PNPs +PA is recommended, as it might be utilized to boost rice yield by solubilizing P in soil and increasing the absorption efficiency. In addition, it reduces chemical P fertilizers by 25%, which would guarantee a cleaner environment and soil conservation.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 16

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combination of 75% SSP with foliar PSBs, PNPs and PA mostly gave the highest leaf area index, 3.706 and 3.527 in 2019 and 2020.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Treatment: combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: leaf area indexe0
Direction: highest valuese0
Value: 3.706 and 3.527e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Oryza sativa* · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“highest values were mostly obtained using the combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA, with substantial beneficial impacts on the leaf area index (3.706 and 3.527)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1462–1672 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment mostly gave the highest dry matter accumulation, 464.3 and 462.8 g m2.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: dry matter accumulatione0
Direction: highest valuese0
Value: 464.3 and 462.8 g m2e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“highest values were mostly obtained using the combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA, with substantial beneficial impacts on the leaf area index (3.706 and 3.527), dry matter accumulation (464.3 and 462.8 g m2)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1462–1720 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment mostly gave the highest plant height, 96.33 and 95.00 cm.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Direction: highest valuese0
Value: 96.33 and 95.00 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“highest values were mostly obtained using the combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA, with substantial beneficial impacts on the leaf area index (3.706 and 3.527), dry matter accumulation (464.3 and 462.8 g m2), plant height (96.33 and 95.00 cm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1462–1755 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment mostly gave the highest phosphorus uptake in grain, 24.3 and 24.49 Kg ha−1.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: phosphorus uptake in graine0
Direction: highest valuese0
Value: 24.3 and 24.49 Kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“highest values were mostly obtained using the combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA, with substantial beneficial impacts on the leaf area index (3.706 and 3.527), dry matter accumulation (464.3 and 462.8 g m2), plant height (96.33 and 95.00 cm), phosphorus uptake in grain (24.3 and 24.49 Kg ha−1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1462–1808 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment mostly gave the highest phosphorus uptake in straw, 17.7 and 17.0 Kg ha−1.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: phosphorus uptake in strawe0
Direction: highest valuese0
Value: 17.7 and 17.0 Kg ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“highest values were mostly obtained using the combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA, with substantial beneficial impacts on the leaf area index (3.706 and 3.527), dry matter accumulation (464.3 and 462.8 g m2), plant height (96.33 and 95.00 cm), phosphorus uptake in grain (24.3 and 24.49 Kg ha−1), phosphorus uptake in straw (17.7 and 17.0 Kg ha−1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1462–1860 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment mostly gave the highest available soil phosphorus at harvest, 21.75 and 21.70 ppm.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: available phosphorus in the soil at harveste0
Direction: highest valuese0
Value: 21.75 and 21.70 ppme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“highest values were mostly obtained using the combination of 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA, with substantial beneficial impacts on the leaf area index (3.706 and 3.527), dry matter accumulation (464.3 and 462.8 g m2), plant height (96.33 and 95.00 cm), phosphorus uptake in grain (24.3 and 24.49 Kg ha−1), phosphorus uptake in straw (17.7 and 17.0 Kg ha−1) and available phosphorus in the soil at harvest (21.75 and 21.70 ppm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1462–1930 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The two phosphorus treatments improved panicle number, with reported values of 506.3 or 521.1 and 521.9 or 547.1 m−2.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: number of paniclese0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 506.3 or 521.1 and 521.9 or 547.1 m−2e0
Comparator: 100% SSP basal application alonee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA or 100% SSP basal application alone improved the number of panicles (506.3 or 521.1 and 521.9 or 547.1 m−2)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1985–2164 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The two phosphorus treatments improved filled grain weight, with reported values of 3.549 or 3.534 and 3.627 or 3.767 g panicle−1.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: filled grain weighte0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 3.549 or 3.534 and 3.627 or 3.767 g panicle−1e0
Comparator: 100% SSP basal application alonee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA or 100% SSP basal application alone improved the number of panicles (506.3 or 521.1 and 521.9 or 547.1 m−2), filled grain weight (3.549 or 3.534 and 3.627 or 3.767 g panicle−1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1985–2233 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The two phosphorus treatments improved filled grain percentage, with reported values of 96.19 or 96.47 and 95.43 or 96.24%.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: percentage of filled graine0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 96.19 or 96.47 and 95.43 or 96.24%e0
Comparator: 100% SSP basal application alonee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA or 100% SSP basal application alone improved the number of panicles (506.3 or 521.1 and 521.9 or 547.1 m−2), filled grain weight (3.549 or 3.534 and 3.627 or 3.767 g panicle−1), the percentage of filled grain (96.19 or 96.47 and 95.43 or 96.24%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1985–2302 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The two phosphorus treatments improved grain yield, with reported values of 9.353 or 9.221 and 9.311 or 9.148 t ha−1.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 9.353 or 9.221 and 9.311 or 9.148 t ha−1e0
Comparator: 100% SSP basal application alonee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA or 100% SSP basal application alone improved the number of panicles (506.3 or 521.1 and 521.9 or 547.1 m−2), filled grain weight (3.549 or 3.534 and 3.627 or 3.767 g panicle−1), the percentage of filled grain (96.19 or 96.47 and 95.43 or 96.24%), grain yield (9.353 or 9.221 and 9.311 or 9.148 t ha−1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1985–2358 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The two phosphorus treatments improved straw yield, with reported values of 11.51 or 11.46 and 11.82 or 11.69 t ha−1.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: straw yielde0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 11.51 or 11.46 and 11.82 or 11.69 t ha−1e0
Comparator: 100% SSP basal application alonee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“75% SSP basal application with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA or 100% SSP basal application alone improved the number of panicles (506.3 or 521.1 and 521.9 or 547.1 m−2), filled grain weight (3.549 or 3.534 and 3.627 or 3.767 g panicle−1), the percentage of filled grain (96.19 or 96.47 and 95.43 or 96.24%), grain yield (9.353 or 9.221 and 9.311 or 9.148 t ha−1) and straw yield (11.51 or 11.46 and 11.82 or 11.69 t ha−1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1985–2417 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chemical P fertilizer plus foliar PSBs, PNPs and PA gave the highest crop productivity.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Chemical P fertilizers combined with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: crop productivitye0
Direction: higheste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Chemical P fertilizers combined with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA obtained the highest crop productivity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2462–2578 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined chemical and foliar treatment improved most examined characteristics.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Chemical P fertilizers combined with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PAe0
Outcome: most of the examined characteristicse0
Direction: improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Chemical P fertilizers combined with the foliar spraying of PSBs, PNPs and PA obtained the highest crop productivity and improved most of the examined characteristics”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2462–2628 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Some other traits did not differ significantly from chemical P application alone.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Outcome: some other characteristicse0
Direction: without any significant changese0
Comparator: chemical P application alonee0

Not reportedTreatment

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“without any significant changes with respect to chemical P application alone in some other characteristics”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2629–2735 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined foliar treatment ranked ahead of 75% SSP with PSBs and AMFs top dressing.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 75% SSP + top-dressing with PSBs + AMFse0
Outcome: followed bye0
Direction: followed bye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“followed by 75% SSP + top-dressing with PSBs + AMFs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2737–2788 · show in text ↑

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 147–151 · show in text ↑

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend 75% SSP with foliar PSBs, PNPs and PA to boost rice yield while reducing chemical phosphorus fertilizer by 25%.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Treatment: combination of 75% SSP basal application and the foliar spraying of PSBs +PNPs +PAe0
Outcome: boost rice yielde0
Value: 25%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The treatment that included the combination of 75% SSP basal application and the foliar spraying of PSBs +PNPs +PA is recommended, as it might be utilized to boost rice yield by solubilizing P in soil and increasing the absorption efficiency. In addition, it reduces chemical P fertilizers by 25%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2790–3086 · show in text ↑

phosphoric acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

negative
Phosphoric acid deficiency inhibited rice growth, with cumulative inhibition across generations.
A report on the after-affects of growth on the next generation in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated under the continuous low nutritional condition. · 1959
Opposite direction

See all 2 papers →

nanoparticle · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

80 papers: 76 positive, 4 negative or no effect

75 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

positive
Foliar Si-NPs significantly improved grain N, Fe and Si concentrations in rice compared with calcium silicate
Impact of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria along with silicon on yield and nutritional quality of rice · 2026 · compared with calcium silicate
Same directionCites this paper
negative
CuO NPs at high concentrations increased Cu uptake in the roots and shoots of rice.
Effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on growth, morphology, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response in Oryza sativa · 2015
Opposite direction
negative
Rice root uptake of selenium nanoparticles was about 1.7 times slower than uptake of selenite or selenate.
Uptake, translocation and biotransformation of selenium nanoparticles in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) · 2020 · compared with selenite or selenate
Opposite direction

76 papers more in this group

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nanoparticle · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

144 papers: 132 positive, 12 negative or no effect

131 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
CuO NPs at high concentrations decreased germination rate, root length and shoot length of rice.
Effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on growth, morphology, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response in Oryza sativa · 2015
Opposite direction
negative
ZnO NPs increased three chalkiness measures.
The Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhancing Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Quality · 2021
Opposite direction
no effect
Neither exposure significantly affected seed germination.
Physiological Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Arsenic on the Growth and Life Cycle of Rice (Oryza sativa japonica ‘Koshihikari’) · 2018
Opposite direction

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phosphorus · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

166 papers: 133 positive, 33 negative or no effect

132 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Single PSB inoculations increased plant height in experiment 1 by 0·85-3·35%.
Evaluation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropped in northern Iran · 2015
Same directionCited by this paper
negative
Phosphate caused aberrant hyphal branching in rice roots after five hours.
Phosphate Treatment Strongly Inhibits New Arbuscule Development But Not the Maintenance of Arbuscule in Mycorrhizal Rice Roots · 2016
Opposite direction
negative
Phosphate deficiency attenuated the lateral roots on seminal and adventitious roots and the total root length in both genotypes.
Deciphering Phosphate Deficiency-Mediated Temporal Effects on Different Root Traits in Rice Grown in a Modified Hydroponic System · 2016
Opposite direction

162 papers more in this group

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phosphorus · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

168 papers: 142 positive, 26 negative or no effect

141 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Phosphorus deficiency significantly increased soluble iron availability in seedlings.
Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of Iron and Phosphorus Interaction in Rice Seedlings · 2009
Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round
negative
The transferred QTL line exceeded Nipponbare in P uptake by 170% under P deficiency.
Genotypic variation for tolerance to phosphorus deficiency in rice and the potential for its exploitation in rice improvement · 2001 · compared with ‘Nipponbare’
Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round
no effect
Phosphorus addition had no significant effect on Cr concentration in rice roots and shoots.
Influence of iron plaque on chromium accumulation and translocation in three rice (Oryza sativaL.) cultivars grown in solution culture · 2013 · compared with absence of P
Opposite direction

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nanoparticle · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

202 papers: 189 positive, 13 negative or no effect

188 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Foliar Si-NPs enhanced rice yield compared with calcium silicate
Impact of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria along with silicon on yield and nutritional quality of rice · 2026 · compared with calcium silicate
Same directionCites this paper
negative
CeO 2 NPs reduced rice grain yield by 16.2% under heat waves.
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Opposite direction
no effect
With Sesbania, 0.2% nano ZnO-coated urea gave statistically equivalent yield and micronutrient loading in edible tissues.
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Opposite direction

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application · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

222 papers: 212 positive, 10 negative or no effect

211 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction

positive
Foliar Si-NPs significantly improved grain N, Fe and Si concentrations in rice compared with calcium silicate
Impact of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria along with silicon on yield and nutritional quality of rice · 2026 · compared with calcium silicate
Same directionCites this paper
no effect
Foliar silicon rates did not significantly change silicon concentrations in rice shoots.
Effects of foliar and soil application of sodium silicate on arsenic toxicity and accumulation in rice (Oryza sativaL.) seedlings grown in As-contaminated paddy soils · 2015 · compared with different Si foliar applications
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar soluble silicon spray did not increase rice leaf silicon concentration.
Effect of root and leaf applications of soluble silicon on blast development in rice · 2013
Opposite direction

218 papers more in this group

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application · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

313 papers: 274 positive, 39 negative or no effect

273 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Soaking rice roots in dsActin significantly suppressed their growth.
New insights into an RNAi approach for plant defence against piercing‐sucking and stem‐borer insect pests · 2015
Opposite direction
negative
Traditional soaking impaired germination and seedling establishment of direct seeded rice compared with control.
Enhancing the Performance of Direct Seeded Fine Rice by Seed Priming · 2006 · compared with control
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar silicon did not significantly affect rice seedling growth.
Effects of foliar and soil application of sodium silicate on arsenic toxicity and accumulation in rice (Oryza sativaL.) seedlings grown in As-contaminated paddy soils · 2015
Opposite direction

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8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 16

The same questions in other papers

phosphoric acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

nanoparticle · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

nanoparticle · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

phosphorus · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

phosphorus · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

nanoparticle · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

application · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

application · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results