Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been applied widely in agriculture, and many studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of ZnO NPs on plant growth. So far, few studies have been investigated with regard to the potential effect of ZnO NPs on cereal yield formation or Zn content in grains. Herein, we used a pot experiment, which was conducted involving five dosages of Zn (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 g Zn pot−1), to evaluate the impacts which ZnO NPs made in rice yield, dry matter accumulation, rice quality and grain Zn contents. The results demonstrated that ZnO NPs increased the production of grain, dry matter accumulation and particulate Zn content. Compared with control treatment, ZnO NPs application presented higher rice yield with more panicle number (4.83–13.14%), spikelets per panicle (4.81–10.69%), 1000-grain weight (3.82–6.62%) and filled grain rate (0.28–2.36%). Additionally, the dry jointing, heading and mature periods, LAI, SPAD values, and photosynthetic potentials of ZnO NPs were all significantly higher relative to treatment without ZnO NPs. The more photosynthetic substances and higher dry matter accumulated in the whole rice growing stage resulted in higher rice grain yield. Furthermore, ZnO NPs increased brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalkiness size, chalkiness grain rate, chalkiness degree, amylose content and protein content, improving rice processing and appearance qualities. For the Zn nutrition in rice grain, ZnO NPs application significantly increased the Zn content of edible polished rice and promoted the relocation of Zn from the aleurone layer. This study effectively demonstrated that ZnO NPs could be a potential high-performed fertiliser for enhancing rice yield and quality.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased rice grain production and dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- production of grain, dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs increased the production of grain, dry matter accumulation and particulate Zn content”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased particulate Zn content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- particulate Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs increased the production of grain, dry matter accumulation and particulate Zn content”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased panicle number by 4.83–13.14% over control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- panicle numbere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 4.83–13.14%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control treatment, ZnO NPs application presented higher rice yield with more panicle number (4.83–13.14%), spikelets per panicle (4.81–10.69%), 1000-grain weight (3.82–6.62%) and filled grain rate (0.28–2.36%)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased spikelets per panicle by 4.81–10.69%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- spikelets per paniclee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 4.81–10.69%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control treatment, ZnO NPs application presented higher rice yield with more panicle number (4.83–13.14%), spikelets per panicle (4.81–10.69%), 1000-grain weight (3.82–6.62%) and filled grain rate (0.28–2.36%)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased 1000-grain weight by 3.82–6.62%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 3.82–6.62%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control treatment, ZnO NPs application presented higher rice yield with more panicle number (4.83–13.14%), spikelets per panicle (4.81–10.69%), 1000-grain weight (3.82–6.62%) and filled grain rate (0.28–2.36%)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased filled grain rate by 0.28–2.36%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- filled grain ratee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 0.28–2.36%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control treatment, ZnO NPs application presented higher rice yield with more panicle number (4.83–13.14%), spikelets per panicle (4.81–10.69%), 1000-grain weight (3.82–6.62%) and filled grain rate (0.28–2.36%)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased jointing, heading and mature period measures.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- dry jointing, heading and mature periodse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- treatment without ZnO NPse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dry jointing, heading and mature periods, LAI, SPAD values, and photosynthetic potentials of ZnO NPs were all significantly higher relative to treatment without ZnO NPs”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs significantly raised LAI, SPAD and photosynthetic potential.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- LAI, SPAD values, and photosynthetic potentialse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- treatment without ZnO NPse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dry jointing, heading and mature periods, LAI, SPAD values, and photosynthetic potentials of ZnO NPs were all significantly higher relative to treatment without ZnO NPs”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed higher grain yield to photosynthetic substances and dry matter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- more photosynthetic substances and higher dry matter accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The more photosynthetic substances and higher dry matter accumulated in the whole rice growing stage resulted in higher rice grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased brown, milled and head rice rates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs increased brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalkiness size, chalkiness grain rate, chalkiness degree, amylose content and protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased three chalkiness measures.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- chalkiness size, chalkiness grain rate, chalkiness degreee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs increased brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalkiness size, chalkiness grain rate, chalkiness degree, amylose content and protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs increased amylose and protein contents.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- amylose content and protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs increased brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalkiness size, chalkiness grain rate, chalkiness degree, amylose content and protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs significantly increased zinc content of polished rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- Zn content of edible polished ricee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs application significantly increased the Zn content of edible polished rice and promoted the relocation of Zn from the aleurone layer”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs promoted zinc relocation from the aleurone layer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- relocation of Zn from the aleurone layere0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs application significantly increased the Zn content of edible polished rice and promoted the relocation of Zn from the aleurone layer”
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See all 31 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.