Abstract
Waste from crustaceans has adverse effects on the environment. In this respect, shrimp waste was valorized for producing chitosan nanoparticles as a source for eco-friendly nano-nitrogen fertilizer. The application of nano-nitrogen fertilizers is a valuable alternative approach in agriculture due to its potential for reducing the application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers and increasing yield quality and quantity, thereby helping to reduce the worldwide food shortage. Chitosan nanoparticles were foliar sprayed at three volumes (0, 7, and 14 L/ha) and compared with mineral nitrogen fertilizer (M-N) sprayed at three volumes (0, 120, and 240 kg N/ha) and their combination on two wheat cultivars (Misr-1 and Gemaiza-11) during two consecutive seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021) in order to evaluate the agronomic response. The synthesized chitosan nanoparticles displayed characteristic bands of both Nan-N and urea/chitosan from 500–4000 cm−1. They are stable and have a huge surface area of 73.21 m2 g−1. The results revealed significant differences among wheat cultivars, fertilization applications, individual or combined, and their interactions for yield-contributing traits. Foliar application of nano-nitrogen fertilizer at 14 L/ha combined with mineral fertilizer at 240 kg/ha significantly increased total chlorophyll content by 41 and 31% compared to control; concerning plant height, the two cultivars recorded the tallest plants (86.2 and 86.5 cm) compared to control. On the other hand, the heaviest 1000-grain weight (55.8 and 57.4 g) was recorded with treatment of 120 kg Mn-N and 14 L Nan-N/ha compared to the control (47.6 and 45.5 g). The Misr-1 cultivar achieved the highest values for grain yield and nitrogen (1.30 and 1.91 mg/L) and potassium (9.87 and 9.81 mg/L) in the two studied seasons when foliarly sprayed with the combination of 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha compared to the Gemaiza-11 cultivar. It can be concluded that Misr-1 exhibited higher levels of total chlorophyll content, spike length, 100-grain weight, grain yield in kg/ha, and nitrogen and potassium. However, Gemaiza-11 displayed higher biomass and straw yield values, plant height, and sodium concentration values. It could be economically recommended to use the application of 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha on the Misr-1 cultivar to achieve the highest crop yield.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano-nitrogen at 14 L/ha combined with mineral fertilizer at 240 kg/ha increased total chlorophyll content by 41 and 31% compared to control.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Foliar application of nano-nitrogen fertilizer at 14 L/ha combined with mineral fertilizer at 240 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 41 and 31%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Foliar application of nano-nitrogen fertilizer at 14 L/ha combined with mineral fertilizer at 240 kg/ha significantly increased total chlorophyll content by 41 and 31% compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
The two wheat cultivars were tallest under foliar nano-nitrogen plus mineral fertilizer compared to control (86.2 and 86.5 cm).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of nano-nitrogen fertilizer at 14 L/ha combined with mineral fertilizer at 240 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- talleste2
- Value
- 86.2 and 86.5 cme2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Foliar application of nano-nitrogen fertilizer at 14 L/ha combined with mineral fertilizer at 240 kg/ha significantly increased total chlorophyll content by 41 and 31% compared to control”
e2“concerning plant height, the two cultivars recorded the tallest plants (86.2 and 86.5 cm) compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
1000-grain weight was heaviest with 120 kg Mn-N and 14 L Nan-N/ha (55.8 and 57.4 g) compared to control (47.6 and 45.5 g).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 120 kg Mn-N and 14 L Nan-N/hae3
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte3
- Direction
- heavieste3
- Value
- 55.8 and 57.4 ge3
- Qualifier
- 47.6 and 45.5 ge3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“the heaviest 1000-grain weight (55.8 and 57.4 g) was recorded with treatment of 120 kg Mn-N and 14 L Nan-N/ha compared to the control (47.6 and 45.5 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Misr-1 achieved the highest grain yield under 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha compared to Gemaiza-11.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Misr-1e4
- Treatment
- 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/hae4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Comparator
- Gemaiza-11e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“The Misr-1 cultivar achieved the highest values for grain yield and nitrogen (1.30 and 1.91 mg/L) and potassium (9.87 and 9.81 mg/L) in the two studied seasons when foliarly sprayed with the combination of 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha compared to the Gemaiza-11 cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Misr-1 had the highest nitrogen content (1.30 and 1.91 mg/L) under 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha compared to Gemaiza-11.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Misr-1e4
- Treatment
- 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/hae4
- Outcome
- nitrogene4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 1.30 and 1.91 mg/Le4
- Comparator
- Gemaiza-11e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“The Misr-1 cultivar achieved the highest values for grain yield and nitrogen (1.30 and 1.91 mg/L) and potassium (9.87 and 9.81 mg/L) in the two studied seasons when foliarly sprayed with the combination of 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha compared to the Gemaiza-11 cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Misr-1 had the highest potassium content (9.87 and 9.81 mg/L) under 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha compared to Gemaiza-11.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Misr-1e4
- Treatment
- 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/hae4
- Outcome
- potassiume4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 9.87 and 9.81 mg/Le4
- Comparator
- Gemaiza-11e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“The Misr-1 cultivar achieved the highest values for grain yield and nitrogen (1.30 and 1.91 mg/L) and potassium (9.87 and 9.81 mg/L) in the two studied seasons when foliarly sprayed with the combination of 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha compared to the Gemaiza-11 cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Misr-1 showed higher spike length and 100-grain weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Misr-1e5
- Outcome
- spike length, 100-grain weighte5
- Direction
- highere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“Misr-1 exhibited higher levels of total chlorophyll content, spike length, 100-grain weight, grain yield in kg/ha, and nitrogen and potassium”
Claim · model-written summary
Misr-1 had higher total chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Misr-1e5
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente5
- Direction
- higher levelse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“Misr-1 exhibited higher levels of total chlorophyll content, spike length, 100-grain weight, grain yield in kg/ha, and nitrogen and potassium”
Claim · model-written summary
Gemaiza-11 displayed higher biomass and straw yield values.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gemaiza-11e6
- Outcome
- biomass and straw yield valuese6
- Direction
- highere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“However, Gemaiza-11 displayed higher biomass and straw yield values, plant height, and sodium concentration values”
Claim · model-written summary
Gemaiza-11 displayed higher plant height and sodium concentration values.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gemaiza-11e6
- Outcome
- plant height, and sodium concentration valuese6
- Direction
- highere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“However, Gemaiza-11 displayed higher biomass and straw yield values, plant height, and sodium concentration values”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha on Misr-1 is economically recommended to achieve the highest crop yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Misr-1e7
- Treatment
- 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/hae7
- Outcome
- highest crop yielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“It could be economically recommended to use the application of 120 kg Mn-N/ha + 14 L Nan-N/ha on the Misr-1 cultivar to achieve the highest crop yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant differences exist among wheat cultivars, fertilization applications and their interactions for yield-contributing traits.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yield-contributing traitse1
- Qualifier
- differences among wheat cultivars, fertilization applications, individual or combined, and their interactionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“The results revealed significant differences among wheat cultivars, fertilization applications, individual or combined, and their interactions for yield-contributing traits”
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