Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the potential threats that adversely affect the productivity of many cereal crops worldwide. Spraying plants with nano-Zn particles may lessen effectively such negative impacts on plants; yet its mode of action is still not well explored. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of spraying nano-Zn particles with varying concentrations (0, 20, 50 and 80 mg L−1) on two wheat cultivars irrigated with saline water (EC = 6.3 dS m−1) versus a non-saline one. The key results revealed that root and shoot weights decreased significantly under salinity stress conditions, while improved considerably with nano-Zn-particles foliar application up to 50 mg nano-Zn L−1; thereafter significant reductions occurred. Also, shoot and root lengths as well as plant leaf area index improved considerably owing to this foliar application. Clearly, roots and shoots weights of wheat plants sprayed with nano-Zn particles under salinity stress conditions exhibited higher values than the corresponding ones that was grown under non-saline conditions without nano-Zn-particles applications. Unexpectedly, this foliar spray led to significant reductions in plant pigments and also in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plants. Yet, this foliar spray enhanced formation of total soluble sugars and proline, and raised significantly Ca contents in wheat roots and shoots, and to some extent K contents. In conclusion, the foliar application of nano-Zn particles increased plant growth under salty stress conditions via two parallel processes, i.e., stimulating formation of osmolytes and stimulating nutrient uptake which may, in turn, increase plant metabolism.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly decreased root and shoot weights.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- salinity stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- root and shoot weightse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“root and shoot weights decreased significantly under salinity stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano-Zn improved root and shoot weights up to 50 mg nano-Zn L−1 under salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nano-Zn-particles foliar application up to 50 mg nano-Zn L−1e0
- Outcome
- root and shoot weightse1
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“while improved considerably with nano-Zn-particles foliar application up to 50 mg nano-Zn L−1”
e1“root and shoot weights decreased significantly under salinity stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
At concentrations above 50 mg nano-Zn L−1, root and shoot weights were significantly reduced.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nano-Zn-particles foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- root and shoot weightse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- thereaftere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“The key results revealed that root and shoot weights decreased significantly under salinity stress conditions, while improved considerably with nano-Zn-particles foliar application up to 50 mg nano-Zn L−1; thereafter significant reductions occurred.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano-Zn improved shoot and root lengths and leaf area index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Spraying plants with nano-Zn particlese1
- Outcome
- shoot and root lengths as well as plant leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Also, shoot and root lengths as well as plant leaf area index improved considerably owing to this foliar application.”
e1“Spraying plants with nano-Zn particles”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, sprayed wheat had higher root and shoot weights than unsprayed wheat under non-saline conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sprayed with nano-Zn particles under salinity stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- roots and shoots weightse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- grown under non-saline conditions without nano-Zn-particles applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots and shoots weights of wheat plants sprayed with nano-Zn particles under salinity stress conditions exhibited higher values than the corresponding ones that was grown under non-saline conditions without nano-Zn-particles applications.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano-Zn significantly reduced plant pigments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- this foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- plant pigmentse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“this foliar spray led to significant reductions in plant pigments and also in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano-Zn significantly reduced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- this foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidantse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“this foliar spray led to significant reductions in plant pigments and also in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano-Zn enhanced total soluble sugars and proline formation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- this foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- formation of total soluble sugars and prolinee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“this foliar spray enhanced formation of total soluble sugars and proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano-Zn significantly raised Ca content in wheat roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Treatment
- this foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- Ca contentse0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raised significantly Ca contents in wheat roots and shoots, and to some extent K contents.”
e1“this foliar spray enhanced formation of total soluble sugars and proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano-Zn raised K contents to some extent.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- this foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- K contentse0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Qualifier
- to some extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“raised significantly Ca contents in wheat roots and shoots, and to some extent K contents.”
e1“this foliar spray enhanced formation of total soluble sugars and proline”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute increased wheat growth under salt stress to osmolyte formation and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of nano-Zn particlese0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- stimulating formation of osmolytes and stimulating nutrient uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the foliar application of nano-Zn particles increased plant growth under salty stress conditions via two parallel processes, i.e., stimulating formation of osmolytes and stimulating nutrient uptake which may, in turn, increase plant metabolism.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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