Abstract
Experiments were conducted to know the effect of recommended dose of fungicides (Propiconazole, Carbendazim and Hexaconazole), bio-agents and botanicals on incidence and severity of spot blotch disease and seed yield of wheat. Two sprays of Carbendazim at 0.1% at tillering and boot leaf stage resulted in the maximum reduction in spot blotch incidence and severity followed by two applications of Propiconazole at tillering and boot leaf stage. Propiconazole was also found to be quite effective in reducing the level of disease and enhancing crop yield followed by Carbendazim and Hexaconazole. However, Carbendazim, Propiconazole and Hexaconazole were almost equally effective against spot blotch of wheat and may be used as an alternative to each other for management of disease. Two applications of Carbendazim at tillering and boot leaf stages resulted in highest grain yield. Out of the two bio-agents tested against spot blotch of wheat under field conditions, Pseudomonas fluorescence followed by Trichoderma harzianum resulted in the highest reduction in disease incidence. However, both of these bio-agents were comparatively less effective in minimizing the disease as compared to chemical fungicides. Out of four plant extracts two applications of aqueous Eucalyptus leaf extract at tillering and boot leaf stage resulted in the highest wheat yield as compared to other botanical extracts. Key words: Fungicides, bio-agents, Pseudomonas fluorescence, botanicals, Bipolaris sorokiniana, spot blotch, Triticum aestivum.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Two Carbendazim sprays gave the greatest reduction in spot blotch incidence and severity.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- tillering and boot leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- Two sprays of Carbendazim at 0.1%e0
- Outcome
- spot blotch incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- maximum reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two sprays of Carbendazim at 0.1% at tillering and boot leaf stage resulted in the maximum reduction in spot blotch incidence and severity”
e1“seed yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole applications ranked after Carbendazim for spot blotch reduction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- tillering and boot leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- two applications of Propiconazolee0
- Outcome
- spot blotch incidence and severitye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by two applications of Propiconazole at tillering and boot leaf stage”
e1“maximum reduction in spot blotch incidence and severity”
e2“seed yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole reduced disease level.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Propiconazolee0
- Outcome
- level of diseasee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Propiconazole was also found to be quite effective in reducing the level of disease and enhancing crop yield”
e1“seed yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole enhanced crop yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Propiconazolee0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Propiconazole was also found to be quite effective in reducing the level of disease and enhancing crop yield”
e1“seed yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim, Propiconazole and Hexaconazole were almost equally effective against spot blotch.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- almost equally effective against spot blotche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbendazim, Propiconazole and Hexaconazole were almost equally effective against spot blotch of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two Carbendazim applications gave the highest grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- tillering and boot leaf stagese0
- Treatment
- Two applications of Carbendazime0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two applications of Carbendazim at tillering and boot leaf stages resulted in highest grain yield”
e1“wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescence gave the greatest disease incidence reduction among bioagents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescencee0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescencee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- highest reductione0
- Comparator
- Trichoderma harzianume0
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas fluorescence followed by Trichoderma harzianum resulted in the highest reduction in disease incidence”
e1“spot blotch of wheat under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum ranked after Pseudomonas fluorescence for incidence reduction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianume0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- Pseudomonas fluorescencee0
- Setting
- field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas fluorescence followed by Trichoderma harzianum resulted in the highest reduction in disease incidence”
e1“spot blotch of wheat under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The bioagents were less effective than fungicides at reducing disease.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- minimizing the diseasee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- chemical fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both of these bio-agents were comparatively less effective in minimizing the disease as compared to chemical fungicides”
e1“spot blotch of wheat under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous Eucalyptus leaf extract gave the highest wheat yield among botanical extracts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- tillering and boot leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- two applications of aqueous Eucalyptus leaf extracte0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- other botanical extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two applications of aqueous Eucalyptus leaf extract at tillering and boot leaf stage resulted in the highest wheat yield as compared to other botanical extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
The three fungicides may be used as alternatives for wheat spot blotch management.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- may be used as an alternative to each other for management of diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbendazim, Propiconazole and Hexaconazole were almost equally effective against spot blotch of wheat and may be used as an alternative to each other for management of disease”
The same questions in other papers
carbendazim · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 10 papers →propiconazole · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
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See all 22 papers →Eucalyptus · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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carbendazim · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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See all 20 papers →propiconazole · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
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See all 27 papers →Pseudomonas · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
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Trichoderma harzianum · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 14 papers →application · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
82 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
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96 papers more in this group
See all 100 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.