Abstract
We investigated the role of transcription factors (R, SN, C1, and PL) in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by different light qualities (white, red, blue, and ultraviolet) and by cytokinin in maize (Zea mays). We analyzed anthocyanin accumulation, structural gene expression, and regulatory gene expression in the seed aleurone and the seedling mesocotyl. In the mesocotyl, white, blue, and ultraviolet-B light strongly induced anthocyanin accumulation and expression of two key structural genes. In contrast, red light had little effect. Cytokinin enhanced the response to light but was not sufficient to induce anthocyanin accumulation in darkness. Plants with the pl-bol3 allele showed high levels of anthocyanin accumulation in response to light, whereas those with the pl-W22 allele did not, demonstrating the importance of pl1 in the light response. The expression of the pl-bol3 gene, encoding an MYB-related transcription factor, was induced by light and enhanced by cytokinin in a very similar manner to the structural genes and anthocyanin accumulation. Expression of the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) Sn1-bol3 gene was stimulated by several light qualities, but not enhanced by cytokinin, and was less well correlated with the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In the aleurone, white, red, and blue light were effective in stimulating anthocyanin accumulation and expression of the MYB-related gene C1. The bHLH R gene was constitutively expressed. We conclude that specific members of the MYB-related c1/pl1 gene family play important roles in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in maize in response to different light qualities and cytokinin.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
White, blue and UV-B light induced anthocyanin accumulation in mesocotyl.
- Organ / stage
- mesocotyle0
- Treatment
- white, blue, and ultraviolet-B lighte0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the mesocotyl, white, blue, and ultraviolet-B light strongly induced anthocyanin accumulation and expression of two key structural genes”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
White, blue and UV-B light induced expression of two structural genes in mesocotyl.
- Organ / stage
- mesocotyle0
- Treatment
- white, blue, and ultraviolet-B lighte0
- Outcome
- expression of two key structural genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the mesocotyl, white, blue, and ultraviolet-B light strongly induced anthocyanin accumulation and expression of two key structural genes”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light had little effect on mesocotyl anthocyanin response.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, red light had little effect”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin enhanced the light response.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cytokinin enhanced the response to light”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin alone did not induce anthocyanin in darkness.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cytokinin enhanced the response to light but was not sufficient to induce anthocyanin accumulation in darkness”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The pl-bol3 allele conferred high light responsive anthocyanin accumulation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants with the pl-bol3 allele showed high levels of anthocyanin accumulation in response to light”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The pl-W22 allele did not show the same light response.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those with the pl-W22 allele did not”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Light induced pl-bol3 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the pl-bol3 gene, encoding an MYB-related transcription factor, was induced by light and enhanced by cytokinin”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin enhanced pl-bol3 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the pl-bol3 gene, encoding an MYB-related transcription factor, was induced by light and enhanced by cytokinin”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Several light qualities stimulated Sn1-bol3 expression.
- Treatment
- several light qualitiese0
- Gene
- Sn1-bol3 genee0
- Outcome
- Expression of the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) Sn1-bol3 genee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) Sn1-bol3 gene was stimulated by several light qualities”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin did not enhance Sn1-bol3 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sn1-bol3 gene was stimulated by several light qualities, but not enhanced by cytokinin”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sn1-bol3 expression correlated less well with anthocyanin induction.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) Sn1-bol3 gene was stimulated by several light qualities, but not enhanced by cytokinin, and was less well correlated with the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
White, red and blue light stimulated aleurone anthocyanin accumulation.
- Organ / stage
- aleuronee0
- Treatment
- white, red, and blue lighte0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin accumulatione0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the aleurone, white, red, and blue light were effective in stimulating anthocyanin accumulation and expression of the MYB-related gene C1”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
White, red and blue light stimulated C1 expression in aleurone.
- Organ / stage
- aleuronee0
- Treatment
- white, red, and blue lighte0
- Gene
- C1e0
- Outcome
- expression of the MYB-related gene C1e0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the aleurone, white, red, and blue light were effective in stimulating anthocyanin accumulation and expression of the MYB-related gene C1”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The aleurone R gene was constitutively expressed.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bHLH R gene was constitutively expressed”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude specific c1/pl1 family members regulate anthocyanin synthesis under light and cytokinin.
- Gene
- c1/pl1 gene familye0
- Outcome
- regulation of anthocyanin synthesise0
- Qualifier
- in response to different light qualities and cytokinine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specific members of the MYB-related c1/pl1 gene family play important roles in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in maize in response to different light qualities and cytokinin”
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