Abstract
Four varieties of rice, three varieties of wheat, and three of barley were treated by x-ray, gamma ray, and thermal neutrons. Two different dosages of each type of radiation were applied. The irradiated materials obtained were tested for germination, habit of growth, chromosomal aberration and the induced mutants. A linear inhibiting effect on the germination of seeds was shown. Generally, during the initial germinating stages, growth of the irradiated seed was slower than that of the control. This fact supports the concept of Bora et al. The growth of irradiated plots in the field, with a few exceptions, was inferior to the nonirradiated plot, especially on high dosage. The tillers of rice, wheat and barley were distinctly increased in the irradiated plots. Chromosomal aberrations were observed to increase with increasing dosage, agreeing with the report of Larose. Wheat showed to have the highest grade of variation, barley next, and rice the least. The chromosomal aberrations on various crops were generally alike. They were changes of numbers and change of structure. Univalent changes of number were predominant. Many of the mutants considered highly valuable are examined and saved for advanced breeding material. (H.M.G.)
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation inhibited seed germination in rice.
- Taxon
- RICE
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- radiationt0
- Outcome
- germination of seedse0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A linear inhibiting effect on the germination of seeds was shown.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation inhibited seed germination in wheat.
- Taxon
- WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- radiationt0
- Outcome
- germination of seedse0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A linear inhibiting effect on the germination of seeds was shown.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation inhibited seed germination in barley.
- Taxon
- BARLEY
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- radiationt0
- Outcome
- germination of seedse0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A linear inhibiting effect on the germination of seeds was shown.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated rice seeds grew more slowly during initial germination than controls.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- initial germinating stagese0
- Treatment
- irradiated seede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, during the initial germinating stages, growth of the irradiated seed was slower than that of the control.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated rice plots generally grew less than nonirradiated plots, especially at high dose.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- irradiated plotse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inferiore0
- Qualifier
- with a few exceptionse0
- Comparator
- nonirradiated plote0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of irradiated plots in the field, with a few exceptions, was inferior to the nonirradiated plot, especially on high dosage.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated rice had more tillers.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- irradiated plotse0
- Outcome
- tillerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tillers of rice, wheat and barley were distinctly increased in the irradiated plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosomal aberrations increased with radiation dose in rice.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing dosagee0
- Outcome
- Chromosomal aberrationse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosomal aberrations were observed to increase with increasing dosage”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated wheat seeds grew more slowly during initial germination than controls.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- initial germinating stagese0
- Treatment
- irradiated seede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, during the initial germinating stages, growth of the irradiated seed was slower than that of the control.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated wheat plots generally grew less than nonirradiated plots, especially at high dose.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irradiated plotse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inferiore0
- Qualifier
- with a few exceptionse0
- Comparator
- nonirradiated plote0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of irradiated plots in the field, with a few exceptions, was inferior to the nonirradiated plot, especially on high dosage.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated wheat had more tillers.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- irradiated plotse0
- Outcome
- tillerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tillers of rice, wheat and barley were distinctly increased in the irradiated plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosomal aberrations increased with radiation dose in wheat.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing dosagee0
- Outcome
- Chromosomal aberrationse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosomal aberrations were observed to increase with increasing dosage”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated barley seeds grew more slowly during initial germination than controls.
- Taxon
- BARLEYHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- initial germinating stagese0
- Treatment
- irradiated seede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, during the initial germinating stages, growth of the irradiated seed was slower than that of the control.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated barley plots generally grew less than nonirradiated plots, especially at high dose.
- Taxon
- BARLEYHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- irradiated plotse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inferiore0
- Qualifier
- with a few exceptionse0
- Comparator
- nonirradiated plote0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of irradiated plots in the field, with a few exceptions, was inferior to the nonirradiated plot, especially on high dosage.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated barley had more tillers.
- Taxon
- BARLEYHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- irradiated plotse0
- Outcome
- tillerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tillers of rice, wheat and barley were distinctly increased in the irradiated plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosomal aberrations increased with radiation dose in barley.
- Taxon
- BARLEYHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- increasing dosagee0
- Outcome
- Chromosomal aberrationse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosomal aberrations were observed to increase with increasing dosage”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat had the highest variation, barley next, rice least.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- variatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat showed to have the highest grade of variation, barley next, and rice the least.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosomal aberrations included number and structural changes, with univalent number changes predominant.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Univalent changes of numbere0
- Direction
- predominante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chromosomal aberrations on various crops were generally alike. They were changes of numbers and change of structure. Univalent changes of number were predominant.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
Claim · model-written summary
Valuable induced mutants were retained for breeding.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- mutants considered highly valuablee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Many of the mutants considered highly valuable are examined and saved for advanced breeding material.”
t0“STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON RICE, WHEAT, AND BARLEY”
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See all 89 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.