Abstract
We clarified that photo-irradiation of young green barley from three different light sources, natural light, 100% red light-emitting diodes (R-LEDs), and a mixture of 90% red-LEDs + 10% blue-LEDs (RB-LEDs), had significantly different results in growth degree (weight and height) and in components of young green barley. Barley that has sprouted for 15 days after germination did not show any apparent difference in height in response to irradiation by the three tested light sources, but by the 20th day of sprouting the height showed a positive effect by R-LEDs irradiation. By 15 days of sprouting the barley had achieved the heaviest weight by natural light irradiation, while the barley irradiated by R-LEDs had made remarkable progress at 20 days of sprouting. On the other hand, the irradiation by RB-LEDs showed a suppressive tendency after 15 days or more. The amino acid content, as indicated by dry weight conversion, was greatest in the barley irradiated by RB-LEDs, followed by R-LEDs, and natural light, which showed that LEDs irradiation is effective. In addition, four cyanogenic glucosides were isolated, identified, and quantified, as they are components frequently assessed in barley research. With regard to vitamin E, R-LEDs irradiation increased γ-tocopherol. Our results indicate that irradiation by LEDs would be effective for the enhancement of the functionality of young green barley.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Barley height did not apparently differ across the three light sources after 15 days.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Organ / stage
- 15 days after germinatione0
- Treatment
- irradiation by the three tested light sourcese0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- did not show any apparent differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Barley that has sprouted for 15 days after germination did not show any apparent difference in height in response to irradiation by the three tested light sources”
Claim · model-written summary
R-LED irradiation had a positive effect on barley height by day 20.
- Taxon
- young green barleyt0
- Organ / stage
- 20th day of sproutinge0
- Treatment
- R-LEDs irradiatione0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“by the 20th day of sprouting the height showed a positive effect by R-LEDs irradiation”
t0“young green barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural light produced the heaviest barley weight by day 15.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- 15 days of sproutinge0
- Treatment
- natural light irradiatione0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- heavieste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 15 days of sprouting the barley had achieved the heaviest weight by natural light irradiation”
Claim · model-written summary
R-LED-treated barley weight progressed markedly at day 20.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- 20 days of sproutinge0
- Treatment
- irradiated by R-LEDse0
- Outcome
- weighte1
- Direction
- remarkable progresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the barley irradiated by R-LEDs had made remarkable progress at 20 days of sprouting”
e1“By 15 days of sprouting the barley had achieved the heaviest weight by natural light irradiation”
Claim · model-written summary
RB-LED irradiation tended to suppress barley growth after 15 days.
- Taxon
- young green barleyt0
- Treatment
- irradiation by RB-LEDse0
- Outcome
- suppressive tendencye0
- Direction
- suppressivee0
- Qualifier
- after 15 days or moree0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the irradiation by RB-LEDs showed a suppressive tendency after 15 days or more”
t0“young green barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid content was greatest under RB-LEDs, then R-LEDs, then natural light.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- irradiated by RB-LEDse0
- Outcome
- amino acid contente0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- dry weight conversione0
- Comparator
- R-LEDs, and natural lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amino acid content, as indicated by dry weight conversion, was greatest in the barley irradiated by RB-LEDs, followed by R-LEDs, and natural light”
Claim · model-written summary
Four cyanogenic glucosides were isolated, identified, and quantified.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- four cyanogenic glucosides were isolated, identified, and quantifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four cyanogenic glucosides were isolated, identified, and quantified, as they are components frequently assessed in barley research”
Claim · model-written summary
R-LED irradiation increased gamma-tocopherol in barley.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“With regard to vitamin E, R-LEDs irradiation increased γ-tocopherol”
t0“young green barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude LED irradiation can enhance the functionality of young green barley.
Verbatim
e0“irradiation by LEDs would be effective for the enhancement of the functionality of young green barley”
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