Abstract
This study was designed to examine whether development rate of wheat might be changed by radiation at high temperature and more generally whether development might be varied by changed source: sink ratio. In the genotype studied, when temperature was high (27/22�C) and especially when the photoperiod was short (9 h), leaf primordia were produced more slowly under low than high natural radiation, and this slowing was reflected in lower final spikelet numbers and in fewer grains per ear. Under the higher source: sink condition of low temperature (17/7�C), and under either short or long photoperiod, rates of primordia production were not measurably changed by radiation, but more light did result in more spikelets. The lengthening of plastochron intervals (thermal time between the appearance of leaf primordia) associated with low radiation did not translate into significantly increased phyllochron intervals (thermal time between emergence of leaves). However, phyllochron intervals were responsive to both photoperiod and temperature. Under short photoperiod, source limitation associated with high temperature extended the thermal time to ear emergence. Thus, an increase in temperature from 17/7�C to 27/22�C doubled the thermal time to heading from 1241 to 2571 �Cd. Source limitation associated with low radiation also increased thermal time to heading by up to 400 �Cd and calendar time by up to 17 days. Under long photoperiod, where development was rapid, radiation did not change the timing of developmental stages. It is concluded that although development in wheat is generally not source-limited in the traditional environments for cultivation, under high temperatures and shorter photoperiods development may be slowed by limiting source:sink ratios.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
At high temperature, low radiation slowed leaf primordia production, especially under short photoperiod.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- lowe0
- Outcome
- leaf primordia were producede0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Qualifier
- temperature was high (27/22�C) and especially when the photoperiod was short (9 h)e0
- Comparator
- high natural radiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when temperature was high (27/22�C) and especially when the photoperiod was short (9 h), leaf primordia were produced more slowly under low than high natural radiation”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The radiation-associated slowing at high temperature was reflected in lower final spikelet numbers.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- final spikelet numberse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this slowing was reflected in lower final spikelet numbers and in fewer grains per ear”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The radiation-associated slowing at high temperature was reflected in fewer grains per ear.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grains per eare0
- Direction
- fewere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this slowing was reflected in lower final spikelet numbers and in fewer grains per ear”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At low temperature, radiation did not measurably change primordia production under either photoperiod.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- radiatione0
- Outcome
- rates of primordia productione0
- Direction
- not measurably changede0
- Qualifier
- low temperature (17/7�C), and under either short or long photoperiode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the higher source: sink condition of low temperature (17/7�C), and under either short or long photoperiod, rates of primordia production were not measurably changed by radiation”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At low temperature, more light produced more spikelets.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- more lighte0
- Outcome
- spikeletse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more light did result in more spikelets”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low radiation lengthened plastochron intervals.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low radiatione0
- Outcome
- plastochron intervalse0
- Direction
- lengtheninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lengthening of plastochron intervals (thermal time between the appearance of leaf primordia) associated with low radiation”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lengthened plastochron intervals did not translate to significantly increased phyllochron intervals.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low radiatione0
- Outcome
- phyllochron intervalse0
- Direction
- did not translate into significantly increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lengthening of plastochron intervals (thermal time between the appearance of leaf primordia) associated with low radiation did not translate into significantly increased phyllochron intervals (thermal time between emergence of leaves)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phyllochron intervals responded to photoperiod.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- photoperiode0
- Outcome
- phyllochron intervalse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phyllochron intervals were responsive to both photoperiod and temperature”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phyllochron intervals responded to temperature.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- phyllochron intervalse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phyllochron intervals were responsive to both photoperiod and temperature”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under short photoperiod, high-temperature source limitation extended thermal time to ear emergence.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- thermal time to ear emergencee0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Qualifier
- short photoperiode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under short photoperiod, source limitation associated with high temperature extended the thermal time to ear emergence”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing temperature from 17/7�C to 27/22�C doubled thermal time to heading from 1241 to 2571 �Cd.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- temperature from 17/7�C to 27/22�Ce0
- Outcome
- thermal time to headinge0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- 2571 �Cde0
- Qualifier
- 1241e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in temperature from 17/7�C to 27/22�C doubled the thermal time to heading from 1241 to 2571 �Cd”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low radiation increased thermal time to heading by up to 400 �Cd.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low radiatione0
- Outcome
- thermal time to headinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 400 �Cde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Source limitation associated with low radiation also increased thermal time to heading by up to 400 �Cd”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low radiation increased calendar time to heading by up to 17 days.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low radiatione0
- Outcome
- calendar timee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 17 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Source limitation associated with low radiation also increased thermal time to heading by up to 400 �Cd and calendar time by up to 17 days”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under long photoperiod, radiation did not change developmental stage timing.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- radiatione0
- Outcome
- timing of developmental stagese0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Qualifier
- long photoperiode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under long photoperiod, where development was rapid, radiation did not change the timing of developmental stages”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude that high temperatures and shorter photoperiods may slow wheat development through limiting source:sink ratios.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- slowede0
- Qualifier
- limiting source:sink ratiose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under high temperatures and shorter photoperiods development may be slowed by limiting source:sink ratios”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
radiation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.