Abstract
Earias vittella, the shoot and fruit borer, is one of the most destructive pests of okra, often causing yield losses exceeding 40%. Farmers largely depend on synthetic insecticides, leading to resistance, resurgence and ecological imbalance. Field trials were conducted during Summer 2022 and Kharif 2023 in a randomised block design (three replications) to evaluate the sequential pest management strategies integrating chemical, microbial and botanical agents. Sequential application of Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1) significantly reduced shoot infestation (2.33–5.68%) and fruit damage (6.83–12.49%), while maintaining coccinellid predator abundance. This treatment produced the highest marketable yield (190–202 q ha−1) with superior cost–benefit returns. The findings demonstrate that integrating microbial and botanical agents with selective insecticides offers a sustainable, eco-compatible, and economically rewarding solution for managing E. vittella in okra under open field conditions.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The sequential treatment significantly reduced shoot infestation to 2.33–5.68%.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1)e0
- Interactor
- Earias vittella
_Figure_26b.jpg?width=60)
Earias vittellat0pest - Second interactor
- Metarhizium anisopliae
Metarhizium anisopliaee0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- shoot infestatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2.33–5.68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_Figure_26b.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Sequential application of Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1) significantly reduced shoot infestation (2.33–5.68%) and fruit damage (6.83–12.49%), while maintaining coccinellid predator abundance.”
t0“Earias vittella (Fabricius) using a novel sequential pest management strategy in okra ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
The sequential treatment significantly reduced fruit damage to 6.83–12.49%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1)e0
- Interactor
- Earias vittellaEarias vittellat0pest
- Second interactor
- Metarhizium anisopliaeMetarhizium anisopliaee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6.83–12.49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential application of Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1) significantly reduced shoot infestation (2.33–5.68%) and fruit damage (6.83–12.49%), while maintaining coccinellid predator abundance.”
t0“Earias vittella (Fabricius) using a novel sequential pest management strategy in okra ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
The sequential treatment maintained coccinellid predator abundance.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1)e0
- Interactor
- coccinellide0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- coccinellid predator abundancee0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential application of Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1) significantly reduced shoot infestation (2.33–5.68%) and fruit damage (6.83–12.49%), while maintaining coccinellid predator abundance.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced the highest marketable yield, 190–202 q ha−1.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Sequential application of Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1)e1
- Outcome
- marketable yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 190–202 q ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment produced the highest marketable yield (190–202 q ha−1) with superior cost–benefit returns.”
e1“Sequential application of Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1)”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment had superior cost–benefit returns.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Sequential application of Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1)e1
- Outcome
- cost–benefit returnse0
- Direction
- superiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment produced the highest marketable yield (190–202 q ha−1) with superior cost–benefit returns.”
e1“Sequential application of Metarhizium anisopliae (5 g L−1) → emamectin benzoate (0.5 g L−1) → azadirachtin (2 mL L−1)”
t0“okra”
The same questions in other papers
emamectin benzoate · pest · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 12 papers →azadirachtin · quality: postharvest · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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emamectin benzoate · quality: postharvest · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Metarhizium anisopliae · pest · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Metarhizium anisopliae · Earias vittella · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
azadirachtin · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Metarhizium anisopliae · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →azadirachtin · Earias vittella · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.