Abstract
Abstract The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown) were sown in randomised block design in PVC cylinders and field conditions at PAU and Bathinda Punjab India. Foliar application of two concentration of humic acid (2 and 4 ppm) was done ten days prior to tillering, booting and flowering stage. The treatment without any spray served as control. At all stages morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters were recorded whereas yield and yield attributes were recorded at maturity. The present study found that foliar spray of 2 and 4 ppm humic acid significantly increased plant height in flowering and grain filling stages. The booting stage exhibited the maximum dry weight (0.089 g) in PBW 752 at 4 ppm dosage. The 4 ppm foliar spray significantly increased the relative growth rate of PBW 725 (15%) at Bathinda. Humic acid reduced membrane damage in PBW 725 and PBW 752 plants at Bathinda, and increased cellular viability (72%) with 4 ppm foliar spray. The chlorophyll a (25.84 µg/g FW), chlorophyll b (10.96 µg/g FW), carotenoids (10.46 µg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (33.5 µg/g FW) along with leaf relative water content (99%) spiked after 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acid. The flowering stage showed an unprecedented value of total soluble sugars for PBW 725 (23.6%) on 4 ppm treatment of humic acid. The study found that starch content (12.9%) increased significantly PBW 752 at Bathinda after 4 ppm of foliar spray of humic acid. The highest α-amylase activity (133.1 nmol of glucose formed 1/min g FW) was observed in PBW 752 at booting stage after 4 ppm of foliar spray of humic acid. On the other hand, foliar spray of humic acid did not depict any significant effect on yield components. Thus, α-amylase activity was augmented by 4 ppm of humic acid at booting stage, which improved the levels of photosynthates, which in turn improved yield attributes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar humic acid at 2 and 4 ppm significantly increased wheat plant height at flowering and grain filling stages.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- flowering and grain filling stagese1
- Treatment
- foliar spray of 2 and 4 ppm humic acide1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- treatment without any spraye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e1“foliar spray of 2 and 4 ppm humic acid significantly increased plant height in flowering and grain filling stages”
e2“The treatment without any spray served as control”
Claim · model-written summary
The booting stage of PBW 752 wheat at 4 ppm humic acid showed the maximum dry weight, 0.089 g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- PBW 752e3
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee3
- Treatment
- 4 ppm dosagee3
- Outcome
- dry weighte3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 0.089 ge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e3“The booting stage exhibited the maximum dry weight (0.089 g) in PBW 752 at 4 ppm dosage”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid significantly increased the relative growth rate of PBW 725 wheat at Bathinda by 15%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- PBW 725e4
- Treatment
- 4 ppm foliar spraye4
- Outcome
- relative growth ratee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 15%e4
- Setting
- Bathindae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e4“The 4 ppm foliar spray significantly increased the relative growth rate of PBW 725 (15%) at Bathinda”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid reduced membrane damage in PBW 725 and PBW 752 wheat at Bathinda.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- PBW 725 and PBW 752e5
- Treatment
- Humic acide5
- Outcome
- membrane damagee5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Setting
- Bathindae5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e5“Humic acid reduced membrane damage in PBW 725 and PBW 752 plants at Bathinda”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid increased cellular viability of wheat by 72%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4 ppm foliar spraye6
- Outcome
- cellular viabilitye6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 72%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e6“increased cellular viability (72%) with 4 ppm foliar spray”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid spiked wheat chlorophyll a content to 25.84 µg/g FW.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acide7
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae7
- Direction
- spikede7
- Value
- 25.84 µg/g FWe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e7“chlorophyll a (25.84 µg/g FW), chlorophyll b (10.96 µg/g FW), carotenoids (10.46 µg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (33.5 µg/g FW) along with leaf relative water content (99%) spiked after 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid spiked wheat chlorophyll b content to 10.96 µg/g FW.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acide7
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be7
- Direction
- spikede7
- Value
- 10.96 µg/g FWe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e7“chlorophyll a (25.84 µg/g FW), chlorophyll b (10.96 µg/g FW), carotenoids (10.46 µg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (33.5 µg/g FW) along with leaf relative water content (99%) spiked after 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid spiked wheat carotenoid content to 10.46 µg/g FW.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acide7
- Outcome
- carotenoidse7
- Direction
- spikede7
- Value
- 10.46 µg/g FWe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e7“chlorophyll a (25.84 µg/g FW), chlorophyll b (10.96 µg/g FW), carotenoids (10.46 µg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (33.5 µg/g FW) along with leaf relative water content (99%) spiked after 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid spiked total chlorophyll content of wheat to 33.5 µg/g FW.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acide7
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente7
- Direction
- spikede7
- Value
- 33.5 µg/g FWe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e7“chlorophyll a (25.84 µg/g FW), chlorophyll b (10.96 µg/g FW), carotenoids (10.46 µg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (33.5 µg/g FW) along with leaf relative water content (99%) spiked after 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid spiked leaf relative water content of wheat to 99%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acide7
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente7
- Direction
- spikede7
- Value
- 99%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e7“chlorophyll a (25.84 µg/g FW), chlorophyll b (10.96 µg/g FW), carotenoids (10.46 µg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (33.5 µg/g FW) along with leaf relative water content (99%) spiked after 4 ppm foliar spray of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid at the flowering stage gave an unprecedented total soluble sugar value of 23.6% in PBW 725 wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- PBW 725e1
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee1
- Treatment
- 4 ppm treatment of humic acide1
- Outcome
- total soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- unprecedented valuee1
- Value
- 23.6%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e1“The flowering stage showed an unprecedented value of total soluble sugars for PBW 725 (23.6%) on 4 ppm treatment of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid significantly increased starch content of PBW 752 wheat at Bathinda to 12.9%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- PBW 752e1
- Treatment
- 4 ppm of foliar spray of humic acide1
- Outcome
- starch contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12.9%e1
- Setting
- Bathindae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e1“The study found that starch content (12.9%) increased significantly PBW 752 at Bathinda after 4 ppm of foliar spray of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 4 ppm humic acid gave the highest alpha-amylase activity in PBW 752 wheat at the booting stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- PBW 752e1
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee1
- Treatment
- 4 ppm of foliar spray of humic acide1
- Outcome
- α-amylase activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 133.1 nmol of glucose formed 1/min g FWe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e1“The highest α-amylase activity (133.1 nmol of glucose formed 1/min g FW) was observed in PBW 752 at booting stage after 4 ppm of foliar spray of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar humic acid did not have any significant effect on wheat yield components.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of humic acide1
- Outcome
- yield componentse1
- Direction
- did not depict any significant effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study investigated wheat varieties i.e., PBW 725 (timely sown) and PBW 752 (late sown)”
e1“foliar spray of humic acid did not depict any significant effect on yield components”
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See all 307 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.