Abstract
Microorganisms and organic compounds (humic and fulvic acid) offer viable alternatives to insecticides and mineral fertilizers. Even though many studies have shown the effects of biofertilizers and organic substances separately, little information is available on plant responses to the combined application of these bio-stimulants, even though these biological inputs have a high potential for simultaneous action. A two-year (2020/21-2021/22) field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of organic and biofertilizers application on the growth, yield, and biochemical attributes of wheat (cv. Misr-1). Pre-planting, wheat seeds were inoculated with two biofertilizers including Mycorrhizae, and Azotobacter, and their combination (MIX), and control (un-inoculation) were considered the main plot factor. The subplot factor contained the foliar sprays of humic acid, fulvic acid, and control (no spray). The results revealed that the seed inoculation with mycorrhizae and azotobacter in combination with foliar-applied humic acid markedly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth, yield, and seed biochemical composition of wheat. Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control. Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments. The foliar application of humic acid combined with the mycorrhizae or azotobacter seed inoculation was efficient to induce wheat vegetative growth development, as well as yield and its components.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat plant height to 100 cm versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 100 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat crop growth rate to 18.69 g versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.69 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat number of spikelets per spike to 22 versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per spikee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat biological yield to 13.4 ton ha-1 versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.4 ton ha-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat grain yield to 5.56 ton ha-1 versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.56 ton ha-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat straw yield to 8.21 ton ha-1 versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.21 ton ha-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat nitrogen to 2.07% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.07%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat phosphorous to 0.91% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphorouse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.91%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat potassium to 1.64% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.64%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat protein content to 12.76% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.76%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat starch to 51.81% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 51.81%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhiza and azotobacter increased wheat gluten content to 30.90% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobactere0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- azotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- gluten contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.90%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of mycorrhiza and azotobacter significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased) plant height (100 cm), crop growth rate (18.69 g), number of spikelets per spike (22), biological yield (13.4 ton ha-1), grain yield (5.56 ton ha-1), straw yield (8.21 ton ha-1),), nitrogen (2.07%), phosphorous (0.91%), potassium (1.64%), protein content (12.76%), starch (51.81%), and gluten content (30.90%) compared to control.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid maximally increased wheat plant height to 93 cm versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic acide0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
- Value
- 93 cme0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid maximally increased wheat crop growth rate to 15 g day-1 m-2 versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic acide0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
- Value
- 15 g day-1 m-2e0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid maximally increased wheat 1000 grain weight to 51 g versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic acide0
- Outcome
- 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
- Value
- 51 ge0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid maximally increased wheat biological yield to 11ton ha-1 versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic acide0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
- Value
- 11ton ha-1e0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid maximally increased wheat grain yield to 4.5 ton ha-1 versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic acide0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
- Value
- 4.5 ton ha-1e0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid maximally increased wheat protein content to 11% versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic acide0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid maximally increased wheat chlorophyll content to 46 SPAD versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic acide0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
- Value
- 46 SPADe0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid maximally increased wheat gluten to 29.45% versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- humic acide0
- Outcome
- glutene0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
- Value
- 29.45%e0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among organic fertilizers, humic acid caused the maximum increase in plant height (93 cm), crop growth rate ( 15 g day-1 m-2),1000 grain weight (51 g), biological yield ( 11ton ha-1), grain yield (4.5 ton ha-1), protein content (11%), chlorophyll content (46 SPAD), and gluten (29.45%) as compared to all other treatments.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
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See all 5 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.