Abstract
One of the main environmental stresses that hinder crop development as well as yield is salt stress, while the use of signal molecules such as calcium (Ca) has a substantial impact on reducing the detrimental effects of salt on different crop types. Therefore, a factorial pot experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted to examine the beneficial role of Ca (0, 2.5, and 5 mM) in promoting the physiological, biochemical, and growth traits of the wheat plant under three salt conditions viz. 0, 30, and 60 mM NaCl. Foliar application of Ca increased the growth of salt-stressed wheat plants through increasing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, proline, and total soluble sugars contents and improving antioxidant enzymes in addition to non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione, phenol and flavonoids, β-carotene, and lycopene contents, thus causing decreases in the over-accumulation of free radicals (ROS). The application of Ca increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in wheat plants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and relieved salt stress. An additional salt tolerance mechanism by Ca increases the non-antioxidant activity of plants by accumulating osmolytes such as free amino acids, proline, and total soluble sugar, which maintain the osmotic adjustment of plants under salinity stress. Exogenous Ca application is a successful method for increasing wheat plants' ability to withstand salt stress, and it has a considerable impact on the growth of wheat under salt stress.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium increased growth of salt-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Foliar application of Cae0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- salt-stressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of Ca increased the growth of salt-stressed wheat plants through increasing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, proline, and total soluble sugars contents and improving antioxidant enzymes in addition to non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione, phenol and flavonoids, β-carotene, and lycopene contents, thus causing decreases in the over-accumulation of free radicals (ROS).”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium increased wheat photosynthetic pigments, IAA and proline under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of Cae0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, IAA, prolinee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of Ca increased the growth of salt-stressed wheat plants through increasing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, proline, and total soluble sugars contents and improving antioxidant enzymes in addition to non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione, phenol and flavonoids, β-carotene, and lycopene contents, thus causing decreases in the over-accumulation of free radicals (ROS).”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium increased total soluble sugars under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of Cae0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugars contentse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of Ca increased the growth of salt-stressed wheat plants through increasing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, proline, and total soluble sugars contents and improving antioxidant enzymes in addition to non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione, phenol and flavonoids, β-carotene, and lycopene contents, thus causing decreases in the over-accumulation of free radicals (ROS).”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium increased activity of SOD, POD and CAT antioxidant enzymes in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of Cae0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)e0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of Ca increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in wheat plants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and relieved salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium reduced ROS overaccumulation in wheat under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of Cae0
- Outcome
- over-accumulation of free radicals (ROS)e0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of Ca increased the growth of salt-stressed wheat plants through increasing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, proline, and total soluble sugars contents and improving antioxidant enzymes in addition to non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione, phenol and flavonoids, β-carotene, and lycopene contents, thus causing decreases in the over-accumulation of free radicals (ROS).”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium increased glutathione, phenol and flavonoids in salt-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of Cae0
- Outcome
- glutathione, phenol and flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of Ca increased the growth of salt-stressed wheat plants through increasing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, proline, and total soluble sugars contents and improving antioxidant enzymes in addition to non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione, phenol and flavonoids, β-carotene, and lycopene contents, thus causing decreases in the over-accumulation of free radicals (ROS).”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium increased β-carotene and lycopene in salt-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of Cae0
- Outcome
- β-carotene, and lycopene contentse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of Ca increased the growth of salt-stressed wheat plants through increasing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, proline, and total soluble sugars contents and improving antioxidant enzymes in addition to non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione, phenol and flavonoids, β-carotene, and lycopene contents, thus causing decreases in the over-accumulation of free radicals (ROS).”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium increased free amino acids, proline and total soluble sugar accumulation under salinity.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cae0
- Outcome
- accumulating osmolytes such as free amino acids, proline, and total soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- maintain the osmotic adjustmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An additional salt tolerance mechanism by Ca increases the non-antioxidant activity of plants by accumulating osmolytes such as free amino acids, proline, and total soluble sugar, which maintain the osmotic adjustment of plants under salinity stress.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider exogenous Ca effective for wheat salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Ca applicatione0
- Outcome
- wheat plants' ability to withstand salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous Ca application is a successful method for increasing wheat plants' ability to withstand salt stress, and it has a considerable impact on the growth of wheat under salt stress.”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →calcium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →calcium atom · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →calcium atom · physiology: osmolytes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
calcium atom · quality: phytochemicals · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
calcium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →application · quality: phytochemicals · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →application · physiology: osmolytes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.