Abstract
Salt stress significantly suppresses rice growth. Uniconazole (S3307) is recognized for its potential to enhance plant stress tolerance. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which S3307 induces salt tolerance in rice by modulating the carbon metabolism pathway are not fully understood. In this study, at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, the foliage of rice HD961 and 9311 was treated with 10 mg·L− 1 S3307, followed by a 0.6% (102.56 mmol·L− 1) NaCl treatment 24 h later. The results demonstrated that salt stress markedly suppressed the growth of rice aboveground and underground, reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and ultimately led to a decline in yield. However, salt stress increased the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and enhanced sucrose metabolism simultaneously of rice leaves. However, compared to salt stress, foliar spraying of S3307 under salt stress increased rice biomass accumulation, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and further enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), POD, CAT, and APX. Meanwhile, the application of S3307 effectively further promoted the accumulation of sucrose, glucose, and soluble sugar (SS) in rice leaves under salt stress. It also enhanced the activities of key enzymes in glycolysis, namely hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), and facilitated the accumulation of α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG), citric acid (CA), and pyruvate (PA). Meanwhile, it increased the effective panicle number (EPN), grains per panicle, yield per panicle and theoretical yield of rice. Therefore, S3307 can mitigate the damage caused by salt stress and enhance yield and rice resistance by improving photosynthetic characteristics, strengthening the antioxidant system, and promoting physiological activities in carbon metabolism pathways such as Carbohydrate, glycolysis (EMP) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress suppressed rice shoot and root growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growth of rice aboveground and undergrounde0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress markedly suppressed the growth of rice aboveground and underground”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salt stresst0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn)”
t0“rice under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salt stresst0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ultimately led to a decline in yield”
t0“rice under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased POD, CAT and APX activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress increased the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress enhanced sucrose metabolism in rice leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice leavese0
- Treatment
- salt stresst0
- Outcome
- sucrose metabolisme0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced sucrose metabolism simultaneously of rice leaves”
t0“rice under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
S3307 increased rice biomass accumulation under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of S3307e0
- Outcome
- rice biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to salt stress, foliar spraying of S3307 under salt stress increased rice biomass accumulation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
S3307 enhanced photosynthetic efficiency under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of S3307e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying of S3307 under salt stress increased rice biomass accumulation, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
S3307 reduced malondialdehyde content under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of S3307e0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying of S3307 under salt stress increased rice biomass accumulation, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
S3307 further enhanced SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of S3307e0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), POD, CAT, and APXe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying of S3307 under salt stress increased rice biomass accumulation, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and further enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), POD, CAT, and APX”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
S3307 promoted sucrose, glucose and soluble sugar accumulation in salt-stressed rice leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice leavese0
- Treatment
- application of S3307e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of sucrose, glucose, and soluble sugar (SS)e0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of S3307 effectively further promoted the accumulation of sucrose, glucose, and soluble sugar (SS) in rice leaves under salt stress”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
S3307 enhanced hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- S3307e1
- Outcome
- activities of key enzymes in glycolysis, namely hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- salt stresst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the activities of key enzymes in glycolysis, namely hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK)”
t0“rice under salt stress”
e1“application of S3307”
Claim · model-written summary
S3307 facilitated accumulation of α-KG, CA and PA.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- S3307e1
- Outcome
- accumulation of α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG), citric acid (CA), and pyruvate (PA)e0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
- Comparator
- salt stresst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“facilitated the accumulation of α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG), citric acid (CA), and pyruvate (PA)”
t0“rice under salt stress”
e1“application of S3307”
Claim · model-written summary
S3307 increased effective panicle number, grains per panicle and yield per panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- S3307t0
- Outcome
- effective panicle number (EPN), grains per panicle, yield per paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- salt stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the effective panicle number (EPN), grains per panicle, yield per panicle and theoretical yield of rice”
t0“S3307”
e1“under salt stress. It also enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
S3307 increased theoretical rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- S3307t0
- Outcome
- theoretical yield of ricee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- salt stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the effective panicle number (EPN), grains per panicle, yield per panicle and theoretical yield of rice”
t0“S3307”
e1“under salt stress. It also enhanced”
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