Abstract
Background. ‘Wavit’ is a valuable Plum rootstock hybrid of Prunus domestica (P. cerasifera × P. spinosa). It reduces tree vigor and exhibits a high winter hardiness, increases fruit size, shows good compatibility with all types of plums and apricots, and consistently produces high yields. The aim of this study is to propose a suitable in vitro propagation protocol for the ‘Wavit’ rootstock. This includes micropropagation based on the analysis of two base media for shoot proliferation: Driver Kyniyuki Walnut (DKW), and Quorin & Lepoivre (QL) with different combinations of plant growth regulators and two forms of iron chelate. Additionally, the study explores an in vitro protocol for rooting with different concentrations of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and an ex vitro adaptation period. Material and Methods. Research was conducted by cultivation under in vitro conditions of ‘Wavit’explants with following stages: shoot proliferation was exmained by using two basal media DKW, and QL supplemented with Walkey vitamins and different contents of IBA, meta-topolin (MT), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and iron chelate: ferric-sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (FeNaEDTA) and ethylenediamine di-2-hydroxyphenyl acetate ferric (FeEDDHA). After 4 weeks of cultivation shoot length, number of shoots, % of vitrification and multiplication rate were measured. Rooting medium was consistent with ½ Mourashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Walkey vitamins and different concentrations of Indole-3-butyric acid. After 4 weeks of cultivation shoot length, root length, number of roots and % of rooted nodal segments were measured. Acclimatization was conducted in the greenhouse. For the experiments, shoots were divided into 3 groups: unrooted, 1–3 roots, >3 roots, and cultivated for a month after which survival rate was measured. Results. The research involved the cultivation of ‘Wavit’ explants under in vitro conditions, comprising several stages. At the stage of shoot proliferation after 4 weeks of cultivation, the highest value with a significant difference in shoot length was found in variants DKW 0.5 MT, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTA; DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTA; DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeEDDHA; however, the highest number of vitrified shoots was observed in the last two listed variants. A significant difference was also found in the multiplication coefficient in the variant DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeEDDHA, which was the lowest among all DKW medium variants. Subsequently, the data obtained at the rooting stage showed dependency on root formation with increase of IBA concentration in nutrient media. Addition of 1,0, 1,25 and 1.5 mg/L significantly increased percentage of rooted shoots, number of roots and root length, however 1.5 mg/L decreased the shoot length of the explants. After 1 month of acclimatization, only 25 % of the group without root survived, the survival rate of groups with 1–3 roots and more than 3 roots was 87.5 % and 92 % respectively. Conclusions. The present study describes a standard in vitro protocol for the mass propagation of a valuable plum ‘Wavit’ rootstock from stem nodal segments. Driver Kyniyuki Walnut medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L meta-topolin, or with 0.5 mg/L meta-topolin and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid with FeNaEDHHA, showed the overall increased performance during shoot proliferation. For the rooting stage, ½ Mourashige & Skoog with indole-3-butyric acid at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.25 mg/L demonstrated better results. Additionally, we observed the advantage of obtaining rooted plant material before the acclimatization stage, which significantly increased the survival rate of plants.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot length was highest, with a significant difference, in DKW 0.5 MT, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTA.
- Taxon
- Prunus domestica
Prunus domesticat0 - Treatment
- DKW 0.5 MT, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTAe0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“the highest value with a significant difference in shoot length was found in variants DKW 0.5 MT, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTA”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot length was highest, with a significant difference, in DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTA.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTAe0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“the highest value with a significant difference in shoot length was found in variants DKW 0.5 MT, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTA; DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTA”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot length was highest, with a significant difference, in DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeEDDHA.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeEDDHAe0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“the highest value with a significant difference in shoot length was found in variants DKW 0.5 MT, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTA; DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeNaEDTA; DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeEDDHA”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest number of vitrified shoots was observed in the last two listed variants (DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA with FeNaEDTA or FeEDDHA).
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- last two listed variantse0
- Outcome
- number of vitrified shootse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“the highest number of vitrified shoots was observed in the last two listed variants”
Claim · model-written summary
The multiplication coefficient in DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeEDDHA differed significantly and was the lowest among all DKW medium variants.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeEDDHAe0
- Outcome
- multiplication coefficiente0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- all DKW medium variantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“A significant difference was also found in the multiplication coefficient in the variant DKW 0.5 MT, 0.5 BAP, 0.1 IBA, FeEDDHA, which was the lowest among all DKW medium variants”
Claim · model-written summary
Root formation depended on, and increased with, IBA concentration in the rooting media.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- IBA concentratione0
- Outcome
- root formatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“the data obtained at the rooting stage showed dependency on root formation with increase of IBA concentration in nutrient media”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 mg/L significantly increased the percentage of rooted shoots, number of roots and root length.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1,0, 1,25 and 1.5 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- percentage of rooted shoots, number of roots and root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“Addition of 1,0, 1,25 and 1.5 mg/L significantly increased percentage of rooted shoots, number of roots and root length”
Claim · model-written summary
1.5 mg/L decreased the shoot length of the explants.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1.5 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“however 1.5 mg/L decreased the shoot length of the explants”
Claim · model-written summary
After 1 month of acclimatization only 25 % of plants without roots survived.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Outcome
- survivede0
- Value
- 25 %e0
- Qualifier
- group without roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“only 25 % of the group without root survived”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival rate of plants with 1-3 roots was 87.5 % after acclimatization.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Outcome
- survival ratee0
- Value
- 87.5 %e0
- Qualifier
- 1–3 rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“the survival rate of groups with 1–3 roots and more than 3 roots was 87.5 % and 92 % respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival rate of plants with more than 3 roots was 92 % after acclimatization.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Outcome
- survival ratee0
- Value
- 92 %e0
- Qualifier
- more than 3 rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“the survival rate of groups with 1–3 roots and more than 3 roots was 87.5 % and 92 % respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
DKW medium with 0.5 mg/L meta-topolin showed overall increased performance during shoot proliferation.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Driver Kyniyuki Walnut medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L meta-topoline0
- Outcome
- performance during shoot proliferatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“Driver Kyniyuki Walnut medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L meta-topolin, or with 0.5 mg/L meta-topolin and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid with FeNaEDHHA, showed the overall increased performance during shoot proliferation”
Claim · model-written summary
DKW medium with 0.5 mg/L meta-topolin and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid with FeNaEDHHA showed overall increased performance during shoot proliferation.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg/L meta-topolin and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid with FeNaEDHHAe0
- Outcome
- performance during shoot proliferatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“Driver Kyniyuki Walnut medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L meta-topolin, or with 0.5 mg/L meta-topolin and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid with FeNaEDHHA, showed the overall increased performance during shoot proliferation”
Claim · model-written summary
For rooting, half-strength Murashige & Skoog with 1.0 and 1.25 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid gave better results.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ½ Mourashige & Skoog with indole-3-butyric acid at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.25 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- resultse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“For the rooting stage, ½ Mourashige & Skoog with indole-3-butyric acid at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.25 mg/L demonstrated better results”
Claim · model-written summary
Obtaining rooted plant material before the acclimatization stage significantly increased plant survival rate.
- Taxon
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticat0
- Treatment
- obtaining rooted plant material before the acclimatization stagee0
- Outcome
- survival rate of plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Prunus domestica”
e0“the advantage of obtaining rooted plant material before the acclimatization stage, which significantly increased the survival rate of plants”
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