Abstract
In tissue culture, efficient nutrient availability and effective control of callus contamination are crucial for successful plantlet regeneration. This study was aimed to enhance callogenesis, callus regeneration, control callus contamination, and substitute iron (Fe) source with FeO-NPs in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Nanogreen iron oxide (FeO-NPs) were synthesized and well characterized with sizes ranging from 2 to 7.5 nm. FeO-NPs as a supplement in MS media at 15 ppm, significantly controlled callus contamination by (80%). Results indicated that FeCl 3 -based FeO-NPs induced fast callus induction (72%) and regeneration (43%), in contrast FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPs resulted in increased callus weight (516%), diameter (300%), number of shoots (200%), and roots (114%). Modified media with FeO-NPs as the Fe source induced fast callogenesis and regeneration compared to normal MS media. FeO-NPs, when applied foliar spray, increased Plant fresh biomass by 133% and spike weight by 350%. Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively. Additionally, APX (Ascorbate peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) increased in IRRI-6 by 27%, 29%, 283%, 62%, while in Kissan Basmati, APX increased by 70%, SOD decreased by 28%, and POD and CAT increased by 89% and 98%, respectively. Finally, FeO-NPs effectively substituted Fe source in MS media, shorten the plant life cycle, and increase chlorophyll content as well as APX, SOD, POD, and CAT activities. This protocol is applicable for tissue culture in other cereal crops as well.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
FeO-NPs in MS medium significantly controlled callus contamination by 80%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- FeO-NPs as a supplement in MS media at 15 ppme0
- Outcome
- callus contaminatione0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeO-NPs as a supplement in MS media at 15 ppm, significantly controlled callus contamination by (80%)”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FeCl 3 -based FeO-NPs induced callus induction of 72%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeCl 3 -based FeO-NPse0
- Outcome
- callus inductione0
- Direction
- faste0
- Value
- 72%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeCl 3 -based FeO-NPs induced fast callus induction (72%) and regeneration (43%)”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FeCl 3 -based FeO-NPs induced regeneration of 43%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeCl 3 -based FeO-NPse0
- Outcome
- regeneratione0
- Direction
- faste0
- Value
- 43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeCl 3 -based FeO-NPs induced fast callus induction (72%) and regeneration (43%)”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPs increased callus weight by 516%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPse0
- Outcome
- callus weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 516%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPs resulted in increased callus weight (516%), diameter (300%), number of shoots (200%), and roots (114%)”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPs increased callus diameter by 300%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPse0
- Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 300%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPs resulted in increased callus weight (516%), diameter (300%), number of shoots (200%), and roots (114%)”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPs increased shoot number by 200%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPse0
- Outcome
- number of shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 200%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPs resulted in increased callus weight (516%), diameter (300%), number of shoots (200%), and roots (114%)”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPs increased roots by 114%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPse0
- Outcome
- rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 114%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeSO 4 -based FeO-NPs resulted in increased callus weight (516%), diameter (300%), number of shoots (200%), and roots (114%)”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeO-NPs increased plant fresh biomass by 133%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeO-NPs, when applied foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- Plant fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 133%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeO-NPs, when applied foliar spray, increased Plant fresh biomass by 133% and spike weight by 350%”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar FeO-NPs increased spike weight by 350%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- FeO-NPs, when applied foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- spike weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 350%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FeO-NPs, when applied foliar spray, increased Plant fresh biomass by 133% and spike weight by 350%”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height increased by 54% in IRRI-6.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- IRRI-6e0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 54%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height increased by 33% in Kissan Basmati.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Kissan Basmatie0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike number increased by 50% in IRRI-6.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- IRRI-6e0
- Outcome
- number of spikese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike number increased by 265% in Kissan Basmati.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Kissan Basmatie0
- Outcome
- number of spikese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 265%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content increased by 51% in IRRI-6.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- IRRI-6e0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 51%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content increased by 34% in Kissan Basmati.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Kissan Basmatie0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
APX, SOD and CAT increased in IRRI-6 by 27%, 29% and 62%, respectively.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- IRRI-6e0
- Outcome
- APX (Ascorbate peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%, 29%, 283%, 62%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APX (Ascorbate peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) increased in IRRI-6 by 27%, 29%, 283%, 62%”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
APX increased by 70% in Kissan Basmati.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Kissan Basmatie0
- Outcome
- APXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 70%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Kissan Basmati, APX increased by 70%, SOD decreased by 28%, and POD and CAT increased by 89% and 98%”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD decreased by 28% in Kissan Basmati.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Kissan Basmatie0
- Outcome
- SODe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 28%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Kissan Basmati, APX increased by 70%, SOD decreased by 28%, and POD and CAT increased by 89% and 98%”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
POD increased by 89% in Kissan Basmati.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Kissan Basmatie0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 89%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Kissan Basmati, APX increased by 70%, SOD decreased by 28%, and POD and CAT increased by 89% and 98%”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
CAT increased by 98% in Kissan Basmati.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Kissan Basmatie0
- Outcome
- CATe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 98%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Kissan Basmati, APX increased by 70%, SOD decreased by 28%, and POD and CAT increased by 89% and 98%”
t0“Oryza sativa L.”
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