Abstract
ABSTRACT For the preparation of amino acid chelated fertilizer, chicken feathers were hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid (H2SO4; 6M) and potassium hydroxide (KOH; 6M) separately in the presence of different catalysts. Under acidic conditions, the catalyst zinc sulfate, gave minimum ammonium but a maximum conversion rate of organic nitrogen (N) into amino acids (19% higher than control). Under alkaline conditions, sodium sulfide showed maximum amino acid-N and conversion rate (37% higher than control). The catalyst doses showed a continuous increase in the conversion rate and were highest at 12%. The ratio of 1:3 feathers: hydrolytic agent showed maximum conversion rate. Hydrolytic time had a nonsignificant effect under acidic conditions, but under alkaline conditions a hydrolytic time of 14 h gave the maximum conversion rate. The chelation experiment results showed that the ratios (2:1, 2.5:1, and 3:1) showed almost equal chelation rates, except the 1:1 ratio of hydrolysis product to salt. Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) showed maximum chelation rates under acidic pH, while zinc (Zn) showed maximum chelation rate at an alkaline pH. Temperature and chelation time had a nonsignificant effect on chelation rate. Comparative study results of amino acid chelated Zn and Fe fertilizers, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelated Zn and Fe fertilizers, and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and iron sulfate (FeSO4) fertilizer foliar application to upland rice showed that a 1/100 dilution of amino acid chelated Zn and Fe fertilizers increased growth parameters from 22–73%, while EDTA chelated Zn and Fe fertilizers caused an increase of 15–63%, and ZnSO4 and FeSO4 increased growth parameters from 11–35% over the control. After fertilizer application, increase in chlorophyll contents was 11–17%, 3–6%, and 8–12%, respectively, over control. Therefore, amino acid chelated micronutrient fertilizer is used in small amounts, has a low cost, and high rates of return.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid chelated Zn and Fe fertilizer at 1/100 dilution increased rice growth parameters by 22–73% over control.
- Taxon
- upland rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- 1/100 dilution of amino acid chelated Zn and Fe fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22–73%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 1/100 dilution of amino acid chelated Zn and Fe fertilizers increased growth parameters from 22–73%, while EDTA chelated Zn and Fe fertilizers caused an increase of 15–63%, and ZnSO4 and FeSO4 increased growth parameters from 11–35% over the control”
e1“foliar application to upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 and FeSO4 fertilizer increased rice growth parameters by 11–35% over control.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- ZnSO4 and FeSO4e0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11–35%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnSO4 and FeSO4 increased growth parameters from 11–35% over the control”
e1“foliar application to upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid chelated fertilizer increased rice chlorophyll content by 11–17% over control.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- amino acid chelated Zn and Fe fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 11–17%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After fertilizer application, increase in chlorophyll contents was 11–17%, 3–6%, and 8–12%, respectively, over control”
e1“1/100 dilution of amino acid chelated Zn and Fe fertilizers”
e2“upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA chelated fertilizer increased rice chlorophyll content by 3–6% over control.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- EDTA chelated Zn and Fe fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 3–6%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After fertilizer application, increase in chlorophyll contents was 11–17%, 3–6%, and 8–12%, respectively, over control”
e1“EDTA chelated Zn and Fe fertilizers”
e2“upland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfate fertilizers increased rice chlorophyll content by 8–12% over control.
- Taxon
- upland riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and iron sulfate (FeSO4) fertilizere1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 8–12%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After fertilizer application, increase in chlorophyll contents was 11–17%, 3–6%, and 8–12%, respectively, over control”
e1“zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and iron sulfate (FeSO4) fertilizer”
e2“upland rice”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →iron atom · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
58 papers more in this group
See all 62 papers →zinc atom · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
117 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
128 papers more in this group
See all 132 papers →amino acid · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
sulfate · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →zinc atom · physiology: pigments · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →zinc sulfate · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
46 papers more in this group
See all 50 papers →amino acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.