Abstract
In the context of global warming, low temperature (LT) disasters in major crops are also becoming more common. LT stress in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the central wheat region in China, caused a massive reduction in wheat yields. A step towards ensuring wheat yield stability and food security, this study investigated the effects of optimizing phosphorus application on the root physiology, dry matter phosphorus accumulation, translocation, and partitioning of wheat under LT stress, using the representative cultivar Yannong 19 as the test material. The treatments included conventional phosphorus application (R1) and twice-split phosphorus application (R2), followed by −4 °C LT treatment and normal temperature (NT) treatment during the anther interval stage. Analysis of the root physiology (enzymatic activities and acid phosphatase, contents of malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, and soluble protein), phosphorus and dry matter accumulation, translocation, partitioning, and agronomic and yield-related components was carried during this research study. The results showed that the wheat root activity was significantly reduced and the antioxidant enzyme activities were increased to mitigate the damage of LT stress. Moreover, LT treatments damaged root function. The root activity and antioxidant properties were significantly lower than those of the NT treatment at the flowering stage. The dry matter and phosphorus accumulations were reduced by 30.6~33.6% and 15.1~21.3% at the flowering and maturity stages, resulting in final yield losses of 10.3~13.0%. In contrast, root activity increased by 16.1~27.2% in the twice-split phosphorus application treatments, and the root antioxidant characteristics were higher. As a result, dry matter and phosphorus accumulation increased after twice-split phosphorus application and their translocation to the grains was more; the final yield increased by 5.5~7.3%. Overall, the twice-split phosphorus application enhanced the physiological function of the root system and promoted the accumulation of nutrients and their transport to the grain, and alleviated the yield loss of wheat caused by LT stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature significantly reduced wheat root activity.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- LT stresse1
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- normal temperature (NT) treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the wheat root activity was significantly reduced”
e1“LT stress in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain”
e2“normal temperature (NT) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature increased wheat root antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- LT stresse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- normal temperature (NT) treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the antioxidant enzyme activities were increased to mitigate the damage of LT stress”
e1“wheat root activity”
e2“normal temperature (NT) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature damaged wheat root function.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- LT treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root functione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LT treatments damaged root function”
e1“wheat root activity”
Claim · model-written summary
At flowering, low temperature reduced wheat root activity and antioxidant properties versus normal temperature.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- LT treatmentse2
- Outcome
- root activity and antioxidant propertiese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- NT treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root activity and antioxidant properties were significantly lower than those of the NT treatment at the flowering stage”
e1“wheat root activity”
e2“LT treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature reduced wheat dry matter accumulation by 30.6~33.6% at flowering and maturity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- flowering and maturity stagese0
- Treatment
- LT treatmentse1
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30.6~33.6%e0
- Comparator
- NT treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry matter and phosphorus accumulations were reduced by 30.6~33.6% and 15.1~21.3% at the flowering and maturity stages”
e1“LT treatments”
e2“wheat root activity”
e3“NT treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature reduced wheat phosphorus accumulation by 15.1~21.3% at flowering and maturity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- flowering and maturity stagese0
- Treatment
- LT treatmentse1
- Outcome
- phosphorus accumulationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 15.1~21.3%e0
- Comparator
- NT treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry matter and phosphorus accumulations were reduced by 30.6~33.6% and 15.1~21.3% at the flowering and maturity stages”
e1“LT treatments”
e2“wheat root activity”
e3“NT treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature caused final wheat yield losses of 10.3~13.0%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- LT treatmentse1
- Outcome
- final yield lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- 10.3~13.0%e0
- Comparator
- NT treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in final yield losses of 10.3~13.0%”
e1“LT treatments”
e2“wheat root activity”
e3“NT treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-split phosphorus application increased wheat root activity by 16.1~27.2%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- twice-split phosphorus application treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.1~27.2%e0
- Comparator
- conventional phosphorus application (R1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root activity increased by 16.1~27.2% in the twice-split phosphorus application treatments”
e1“conventional phosphorus application (R1)”
e2“wheat root activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-split phosphorus application increased wheat root antioxidant characteristics.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- twice-split phosphorus application treatmentse1
- Outcome
- root antioxidant characteristicse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventional phosphorus application (R1)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root antioxidant characteristics were higher”
e1“twice-split phosphorus application treatments”
e2“conventional phosphorus application (R1)”
e3“wheat root activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-split phosphorus application increased wheat dry matter and phosphorus accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- twice-split phosphorus applicatione0
- Outcome
- dry matter and phosphorus accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional phosphorus application (R1)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter and phosphorus accumulation increased after twice-split phosphorus application”
e1“conventional phosphorus application (R1)”
e2“wheat root activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-split phosphorus application increased nutrient translocation to wheat grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- twice-split phosphorus applicatione1
- Outcome
- translocation to the grainse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- conventional phosphorus application (R1)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their translocation to the grains was more”
e1“increased after twice-split phosphorus application”
e2“conventional phosphorus application (R1)”
e3“wheat root activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-split phosphorus application increased final wheat yield by 5.5~7.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- twice-split phosphorus applicatione1
- Outcome
- final yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.5~7.3%e0
- Comparator
- conventional phosphorus application (R1)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the final yield increased by 5.5~7.3%”
e1“increased after twice-split phosphorus application”
e2“conventional phosphorus application (R1)”
e3“wheat root activity”
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