Abstract
Changes in the levels of plant metabolites in response to nutrient deficiency is indicative of how plants utilize scarce resources. In this study, changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated. Under low P supply and at 28 days after sowing (DAS), the wheat breeding line, RAC875 (P efficient) produced 42% more shoot biomass than the wheat variety, and Wyalkatchem (P inefficient). Significant changes in the metabolite profile in leaves and roots were observed under low P supply and significant genotypic variation was evident. Under low P supply, an increase in raffinose and 1-kestose was evident in roots of both wheat genotypes, with RAC875 accumulating more when compared to Wyalkatchem. There was no significant increase in raffinose and 1-kestose in leaves when plants were grown under P deficiency. P deficiency had no significant impact on the levels of sucrose, maltose, glucose and fructose in both genotypes, and while phosphorylated sugars (glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P) remained unchanged in RAC875, in Wyalkatchem, glucose-6-P significantly decreased in roots, and fructose-6-P significantly decreased in both leaves and roots. Glycerol-3-P decreased twofold in roots of both wheat genotypes in response to low P. In roots, RAC875 exhibited significantly lower levels of fumarate, malate, maleate and itaconate than Wyalkatchem, while low P enhanced organic acid exudation in RAC875 but not in Wyalkatchem. RAC875 showed greater accumulation of aspartate, glutamine and β-alanine in leaves than Wyalkatchem under low P supply. Greater accumulation of raffinose and 1-kestose in roots and aspartate, glutamine and β-alanine in leaves appears to be associated with enhanced PUE in RAC875. Glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P are important for glycolysis, thus maintaining these metabolites would enable RAC875 to maintain carbohydrate metabolism and shoot biomass under P deficiency. The work presented here provides evidence that differences in metabolite profiles can be observed between wheat varieties that differ in PUE and key metabolic pathways are maintained in the efficient genotype to ensure carbon supply under P deficiency.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Under low P supply, RAC875 produced 42% more shoot biomass than Wyalkatchem.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- RAC875e1
- Treatment
- low P supplye1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 42%e1
- Comparator
- Wyalkatcheme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“Under low P supply and at 28 days after sowing (DAS), the wheat breeding line, RAC875 (P efficient) produced 42% more shoot biomass than the wheat variety, and Wyalkatchem (P inefficient)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P supply produced significant changes in the metabolite profile of wheat leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse2
- Treatment
- low P supplye2
- Outcome
- metabolite profilee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e2“Significant changes in the metabolite profile in leaves and roots were observed under low P supply”
Claim · model-written summary
The metabolite profile showed significant genotypic variation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- genotypic variatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e3“significant genotypic variation was evident”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P deficiency, raffinose and 1-kestose did not significantly increase in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- P deficiencye5
- Outcome
- raffinose and 1-kestosee5
- Direction
- no significant increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e5“There was no significant increase in raffinose and 1-kestose in leaves when plants were grown under P deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency had no significant impact on sucrose and maltose levels in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye6
- Outcome
- sucrose, maltosee6
- Direction
- no significant impacte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e6“P deficiency had no significant impact on the levels of sucrose, maltose, glucose and fructose in both genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency had no significant impact on glucose and fructose levels in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye6
- Outcome
- glucose and fructosee6
- Direction
- no significant impacte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e6“P deficiency had no significant impact on the levels of sucrose, maltose, glucose and fructose in both genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P remained unchanged in RAC875 wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- RAC875e7
- Outcome
- glucose-6-P and fructose-6-Pe7
- Direction
- unchangede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e7“while phosphorylated sugars (glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P) remained unchanged in RAC875”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose-6-P significantly decreased in Wyalkatchem roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Wyalkatcheme1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- glucose-6-Pe1
- Direction
- significantly decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“in Wyalkatchem, glucose-6-P significantly decreased in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Fructose-6-P significantly decreased in Wyalkatchem leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Wyalkatcheme1
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse2
- Outcome
- fructose-6-Pe2
- Direction
- significantly decreasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“in Wyalkatchem, glucose-6-P significantly decreased in roots”
e2“fructose-6-P significantly decreased in both leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycerol-3-P decreased twofold in wheat roots of both genotypes under low P.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- low Pe1
- Outcome
- Glycerol-3-Pe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- twofolde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“Glycerol-3-P decreased twofold in roots of both wheat genotypes in response to low P”
Claim · model-written summary
RAC875 had significantly lower fumarate, malate and maleate in roots than Wyalkatchem.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- RAC875e1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- fumarate, malate, maleatee1
- Direction
- significantly lowere1
- Comparator
- Wyalkatcheme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“In roots, RAC875 exhibited significantly lower levels of fumarate, malate, maleate and itaconate than Wyalkatchem”
Claim · model-written summary
RAC875 had significantly lower itaconate in roots than Wyalkatchem.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- RAC875e1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- itaconatee1
- Direction
- significantly lowere1
- Comparator
- Wyalkatcheme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“In roots, RAC875 exhibited significantly lower levels of fumarate, malate, maleate and itaconate than Wyalkatchem”
Claim · model-written summary
Low P enhanced organic acid exudation in RAC875 but not in Wyalkatchem.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- RAC875e1
- Treatment
- low Pe1
- Outcome
- organic acid exudatione1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- Wyalkatcheme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“while low P enhanced organic acid exudation in RAC875 but not in Wyalkatchem”
Claim · model-written summary
RAC875 had greater aspartate, glutamine and β-alanine accumulation in leaves than Wyalkatchem under low P supply.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- RAC875e1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- low P supplye1
- Outcome
- aspartate, glutamine and β-alaninee1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- Wyalkatcheme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“RAC875 showed greater accumulation of aspartate, glutamine and β-alanine in leaves than Wyalkatchem under low P supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater raffinose and 1-kestose in roots and aspartate, glutamine and β-alanine in leaves appear associated with enhanced PUE in RAC875.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- RAC875e1
- Compound
- raffinose and 1-kestosee1
- Outcome
- PUEe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“Greater accumulation of raffinose and 1-kestose in roots and aspartate, glutamine and β-alanine in leaves appears to be associated with enhanced PUE in RAC875”
Claim · model-written summary
Maintaining glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P would let RAC875 sustain carbohydrate metabolism and shoot biomass under P deficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- RAC875e1
- Treatment
- P deficiencye1
- Compound
- Glucose-6-P and fructose-6-Pe1
- Outcome
- carbohydrate metabolism and shoot biomasse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“Glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P are important for glycolysis, thus maintaining these metabolites would enable RAC875 to maintain carbohydrate metabolism and shoot biomass under P deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Key metabolic pathways are maintained in the efficient genotype to ensure carbon supply under P deficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- efficient genotypee1
- Treatment
- P deficiencye1
- Outcome
- carbon supplye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“key metabolic pathways are maintained in the efficient genotype to ensure carbon supply under P deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolite profiles differ between wheat varieties that differ in PUE.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- metabolite profilese1
- Qualifier
- differ in PUEe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in the metabolite profile of roots and shoots of wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was investigated”
e1“differences in metabolite profiles can be observed between wheat varieties that differ in PUE”
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