Abstract
Introduction: Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield. Methods: Therefore, this study employed integrated physiological, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches to examine the response of two wheat cultivars, Chuanmai 104 (CM104, cold-tolerant) and Chuanmai 42 (CM42, cold-sensitive), to cold stress at the booting stage. Results: The viability of pollen in CM104 was less affected by low-temperature stress compared to CM42, ensuring a higher seed-setting rate in CM104. The young spike of CM104 also synthesized more osmoregulatory substances, endogenous hormones and higher antioxidant enzyme activities under the cold treatment compared to CM42. Transcriptome analysis identified 7,362 and 5,328 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and cold-treated CM104 and CM42 spike samples, respectively. More DEGs, such as transcription factors, late embryogenesis abundant protein and hormone signalling transduction involved in the key regulatory pathways associated with cold tolerance were expressed in CM104. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses identified 173 differentially expressed proteins and 180 differentially accumulated metabolites between control and cold-treated CM104 spike samples, with some thought to enhance the cold acclimation of the variety. Integrative multi-omics analysis highlighted the critical roles of starch and sucrose, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in response to cold stress in CM104. Discussion: This study uncovered the physiological changes, gene, protein and metabolite pathways involved in maintaining the osmotic balance and mitigating low-temperature stress in wheat spikes, and could serve as a crucial reference for selecting and breeding low-temperature tolerant wheat varieties.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen viability in CM104 was less affected by low-temperature stress than in CM42 at the booting stage.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- CM104e2
- Organ / stage
- pollene2
- Treatment
- low-temperature stresse2
- Outcome
- viability of pollene2
- Direction
- less affectede2
- Qualifier
- at the booting stagee0
- Comparator
- CM42e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield”
e2“The viability of pollen in CM104 was less affected by low-temperature stress compared to CM42, ensuring a higher seed-setting rate in CM104”
Claim · model-written summary
CM104 had a higher seed-setting rate than CM42 under low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CM104e2
- Treatment
- low-temperature stresse2
- Outcome
- seed-setting ratee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- CM42e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield”
e2“The viability of pollen in CM104 was less affected by low-temperature stress compared to CM42, ensuring a higher seed-setting rate in CM104”
Claim · model-written summary
Under cold treatment, CM104 young spikes synthesized more osmoregulatory substances, endogenous hormones and higher antioxidant enzyme activities than CM42.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CM104e3
- Organ / stage
- young spikee3
- Treatment
- cold treatmente3
- Outcome
- osmoregulatory substances, endogenous hormones and higher antioxidant enzyme activitiese3
- Direction
- moree3
- Comparator
- CM42e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield”
e3“The young spike of CM104 also synthesized more osmoregulatory substances, endogenous hormones and higher antioxidant enzyme activities under the cold treatment compared to CM42”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome analysis identified 7,362 differentially expressed genes between control and cold-treated CM104 spikes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CM104e4
- Organ / stage
- spikee4
- Treatment
- cold-treatede4
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genese4
- Value
- 7,362e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield”
e4“Transcriptome analysis identified 7,362 and 5,328 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and cold-treated CM104 and CM42 spike samples, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome analysis identified 5,328 differentially expressed genes between control and cold-treated CM42 spikes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CM42e4
- Organ / stage
- spikee4
- Treatment
- cold-treatede4
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genese4
- Value
- 5,328e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield”
e4“Transcriptome analysis identified 7,362 and 5,328 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and cold-treated CM104 and CM42 spike samples, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
More differentially expressed genes, including transcription factors and late embryogenesis abundant protein, were expressed in CM104 than in CM42.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CM104e5
- Gene
- transcription factors, late embryogenesis abundant proteine5
- Outcome
- DEGse5
- Direction
- Moree5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield”
e5“More DEGs, such as transcription factors, late embryogenesis abundant protein and hormone signalling transduction involved in the key regulatory pathways associated with cold tolerance were expressed in CM104”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomic analysis identified 173 differentially expressed proteins between control and cold-treated CM104 spikes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CM104e6
- Treatment
- cold-treatede6
- Outcome
- differentially expressed proteinse6
- Value
- 173e6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield”
e6“Proteomic and metabolomic analyses identified 173 differentially expressed proteins and 180 differentially accumulated metabolites between control and cold-treated CM104 spike samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolomic analysis identified 180 differentially accumulated metabolites between control and cold-treated CM104 spikes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CM104e6
- Treatment
- cold-treatede6
- Outcome
- differentially accumulated metabolitese6
- Value
- 180e6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield”
e6“Proteomic and metabolomic analyses identified 173 differentially expressed proteins and 180 differentially accumulated metabolites between control and cold-treated CM104 spike samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch and sucrose, and glycerophospholipid metabolism have critical roles in the response of CM104 to cold stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CM104e7
- Outcome
- response to cold stresse7
- Qualifier
- starch and sucrose, and glycerophospholipid metabolisme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress at the booting stage can seriously affect wheat growth, development and yield”
e7“Integrative multi-omics analysis highlighted the critical roles of starch and sucrose, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in response to cold stress in CM104”
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