Abstract
Previous studies found that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and abscisic acid (ABA) can mitigate damage from adversity by enhancing photosynthesis. However, it is not clear whether they have positive effects on iron utilization and chlorophyll synthesis of tomato seedlings under low-temperature stress. To investigate the possible functional relationship between ABA and ALA and elucidate the possible mechanisms of action of ALA to alleviate low-temperature stress in tomato seedlings, this experiment analyzed the effects of ALA and ABA on chlorophyll synthesis in tomato seedling leaves sprayed with exogenous of ALA (25 mg·L−1) or ABA (100 µM) under low-temperature stress (8–18 °C/8–12 °C, day/night). The results show that exogenous ALA increased the Fv/Fm of tomato leaves by 5.31% and increased the accumulation of iron and chlorophyll by 101.15% and 15.18%, respectively, compared to the low-temperature treatment alone, and tomato resistance of low-temperature stress was enhanced. Meanwhile, exogenous application of ALA increased the ABA content by 39.43%, and subsequent application of exogenous ABA revealed that tomato seedlings showed similar effects to exogenous ALA under low-temperature stress, with increased accumulation of iron and chlorophyll in tomato seedlings, which eventually increased the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II. Under low-temperature stress, application of exogenous ABA significantly reduced ALA content, but the expression of key enzyme genes (PPGD, HEMB1, HEME1, and HEMF1), precursors of chlorophyll synthesis by ALA, was significantly elevated, presumably because the increased activity of these enzymes after external application of ABA accelerated ALA consumption. In conclusion, ABA may crosstalk with ALA to improve the photochemical efficiency and low temperature resistance of tomatoes by regulating chlorophyll synthesis and iron accumulation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ALA increased tomato Fv/Fm by 5.31% versus cold treatment alone.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- exogenous ALAe0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.31%e0
- Comparator
- low-temperature treatment alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results show that exogenous ALA increased the Fv/Fm of tomato leaves by 5.31% and increased the accumulation of iron and chlorophyll by 101.15% and 15.18%, respectively, compared to the low-temperature treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA increased tomato accumulation of iron by 101.15% versus cold treatment alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous ALAe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of irone0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 101.15%e0
- Comparator
- low-temperature treatment alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results show that exogenous ALA increased the Fv/Fm of tomato leaves by 5.31% and increased the accumulation of iron and chlorophyll by 101.15% and 15.18%, respectively, compared to the low-temperature treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA increased tomato chlorophyll by 15.18% versus cold treatment alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous ALAe0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.18%e0
- Comparator
- low-temperature treatment alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results show that exogenous ALA increased the Fv/Fm of tomato leaves by 5.31% and increased the accumulation of iron and chlorophyll by 101.15% and 15.18%, respectively, compared to the low-temperature treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA enhanced tomato resistance to low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous ALAe1
- Outcome
- resistance of low-temperature stresse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato resistance of low-temperature stress was enhanced”
e1“exogenous ALA increased the Fv/Fm”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA increased ABA content by 39.43%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- exogenous application of ALAe0
- Outcome
- ABA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of ALA increased the ABA content by 39.43%”
e1“in tomato seedling leaves sprayed with exogenous of ALA”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased accumulation of iron and chlorophyll in cold-stressed tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous ABAe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of iron and chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsequent application of exogenous ABA revealed that tomato seedlings showed similar effects to exogenous ALA under low-temperature stress, with increased accumulation of iron and chlorophyll in tomato seedlings, which eventually increased the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II in cold-stressed tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous ABAe0
- Outcome
- maximum photochemical efficiency of PS IIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsequent application of exogenous ABA revealed that tomato seedlings showed similar effects to exogenous ALA under low-temperature stress, with increased accumulation of iron and chlorophyll in tomato seedlings, which eventually increased the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA significantly reduced ALA content under low temperature.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- application of exogenous ABAe0
- Outcome
- ALA contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low-temperature stress, application of exogenous ABA significantly reduced ALA content, but the expression of key enzyme genes (PPGD, HEMB1, HEME1, and HEMF1), precursors of chlorophyll synthesis by ALA, was significantly elevated”
e1“tomato seedling leaves sprayed with exogenous of ALA”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA significantly elevated expression of PPGD, HEMB1, HEME1 and HEMF1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- application of exogenous ABAe0
- Gene
- PPGD, HEMB1, HEME1, and HEMF1e0
- Outcome
- expression of key enzyme genese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low-temperature stress, application of exogenous ABA significantly reduced ALA content, but the expression of key enzyme genes (PPGD, HEMB1, HEME1, and HEMF1), precursors of chlorophyll synthesis by ALA, was significantly elevated”
e1“tomato seedling leaves sprayed with exogenous of ALA”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose ABA-ALA crosstalk improves tomato photochemical efficiency and cold resistance through chlorophyll synthesis and iron accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency and low temperature resistancee0
- Qualifier
- regulating chlorophyll synthesis and iron accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA may crosstalk with ALA to improve the photochemical efficiency and low temperature resistance of tomatoes by regulating chlorophyll synthesis and iron accumulation”
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