Abstract
Abstract Soybean is usually grown under rain‐fed conditions, and long‐term drought stress often occurs with short‐term heat stress. This study aimed to investigate changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and their relationships with pod development under short‐term heat, long‐term drought and their combined stresses. Short‐term heat stress lasted for 5 days began at R5 stage, and long‐term drought stress lasted from R5 stage until maturity, respectively. No significant effect was observed on pod development under short‐term heat stress alone due to unaffected net photosynthetic rate after treatment and PSII recovery after the heat stress release. Except that the reduction of sucrose content had been brought forward from 12 to 5 days after treatment under combined stresses, application of combined stresses caused similar responses to long‐term drought stress alone on the photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and pod development, but more pronounced under combined stresses. Reduced pod weight and seed weight per pod under long‐term drought stress alone or combined stress due to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate and production of sucrose and starch, especially after 19 days of treatment. Findings from this study demonstrate that under combined stress, long‐term drought stress had a dominant effect on the photosynthetic performance of subtending leaves and pod development over short‐term heat stress; moreover, even short‐term heat stress also exacerbates the negative effects of long‐term drought stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term heat alone had no significant effect on pod development.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- short‐term heat stress alonee0
- Outcome
- pod developmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant effect was observed on pod development under short‐term heat stress alone”
e1“Soybean is usually grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthetic rate remained unaffected after short-term heat treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- short‐term heat stress alonee1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“unaffected net photosynthetic rate after treatment”
e1“short‐term heat stress alone”
e2“Soybean is usually grown”
Claim · model-written summary
PSII recovered after heat stress release.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- PSII recoverye0
- Qualifier
- after the heat stress releasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSII recovery after the heat stress release”
e1“Soybean is usually grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress advanced the reduction in sucrose content from 12 to 5 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- combined stressese0
- Outcome
- sucrose contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- from 12 to 5 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction of sucrose content had been brought forward from 12 to 5 days after treatment under combined stresses”
e1“Soybean is usually grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stresses produced responses in leaf photosynthesis and pod development similar to drought alone but more pronounced.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- combined stressese0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and pod developmente0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- long‐term drought stress alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of combined stresses caused similar responses to long‐term drought stress alone on the photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and pod development, but more pronounced under combined stresses”
e1“Soybean is usually grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term drought alone or combined stress reduced pod weight.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- long‐term drought stress alone or combined stresse0
- Outcome
- pod weighte0
- Direction
- Reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced pod weight and seed weight per pod under long‐term drought stress alone or combined stress”
e1“Soybean is usually grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term drought alone or combined stress reduced seed weight per pod.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- long‐term drought stress alone or combined stresse0
- Outcome
- seed weight per pode0
- Direction
- Reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced pod weight and seed weight per pod under long‐term drought stress alone or combined stress”
e1“Soybean is usually grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term drought alone or combined stress decreased net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- long‐term drought stress alone or combined stresse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- especially after 19 days of treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under long‐term drought stress alone or combined stress due to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate and production of sucrose and starch, especially after 19 days of treatment”
e1“Soybean is usually grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term drought alone or combined stress decreased production of sucrose and starch.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- long‐term drought stress alone or combined stresse0
- Outcome
- production of sucrose and starche0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- especially after 19 days of treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under long‐term drought stress alone or combined stress due to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate and production of sucrose and starch, especially after 19 days of treatment”
e1“Soybean is usually grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought dominated the combined-stress response, while heat exacerbated its negative effects.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- combined stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performance of subtending leaves and pod developmente0
- Qualifier
- long‐term drought stress had a dominant effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under combined stress, long‐term drought stress had a dominant effect on the photosynthetic performance of subtending leaves and pod development over short‐term heat stress; moreover, even short‐term heat stress also exacerbates the negative effects of long‐term drought stress”
e1“Soybean is usually grown”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.