Abstract
Abstract Yield potential of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], which are grown under nonlimiting soil‐moisture conditions, has been greatly improved through breeding and management practices in recent years. Much improvement, however, is still needed in the development of high yielding soybeans grown under suboptimal soil‐moisture conditions. To better understand limiting soil‐water effects on yield, four indeterminate soybean cultivars were grown in restricted rooting mediums of Nicollet Loam soil (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludolls) in the field, and single and multiple periods of soil‐moisture stress were induced during the reproductive stage by withholding hand watering at appropriate times and covering the plots during periods of rainfall. Seed yield reductions for all soil‐water treatments and cultivars varied from 2% (NS) to 27% (α = 0.01). Two of the cultivars, ‘Ottilie 7270’ and ‘Beeson’, were less affected by soil‐water stress (12% yield loss) than the other cultivars (18% yield loss), ‘Hodgson’ and ‘Corsoy’, averaged over stress treatments. Soil‐water stress during the first of three stress periods reduced yield by 12% (α = 0.01). A second and third period of soil‐water stress reduced yield additionally 5% (NS) and 4% (NS), respectively. Treatments receiving soil‐water stress for the first time during period 2 or period 3 had 11% (α = 0.01) or 12% (α = 0.01) yield reductions, respectively. The plants subjected to three periods of soil‐water stress produced fewer but heavier seeds than plants stressed only during the third period. The response of yield components, nodes/plant, pods/node, seeds/pods, and weight per seed, varied extensively between cultivars and treatments. The magnitude of individual decrements in these parameters was dependent on the timing of soil‐water treatments and the state of development of the soybeans. Under the conditions of this experiment, all the cultivars exhibited similar yield response to single periods of stress. Preconditioning soybeans for later stress resulted in less yield reduction than if the plants were unconditioned. Seed yields of later maturing cultivars, Ottilie 7270 and Beeson, were greater and were less affected by multiple stress during reproductive growth than the cvs. Corsoy and Hodgson. Soil‐water stress imposed on plants early in their reproductive periods appeared to change dry matter partitioning by increasing their harvest index, and this was most notable with the later maturing cultivars.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield reductions across soil-water treatments and cultivars ranged from 2% (not significant) to 27%.
- Taxon
- Soybeans
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- Seed yield reductionse1
- Value
- 2% (NS) to 27%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e1“Seed yield reductions for all soil‐water treatments and cultivars varied from 2% (NS) to 27% (α = 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-water stress during the first of three stress periods reduced yield by 12%.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- during the first of three stress periodse2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 12%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e2“Soil‐water stress during the first of three stress periods reduced yield by 12% (α = 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
A second period of soil-water stress reduced yield additionally by 5% (not significant).
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- A second and third period of soil‐water stresse3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 5% (NS)e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e3“A second and third period of soil‐water stress reduced yield additionally 5% (NS) and 4% (NS), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A third period of soil-water stress reduced yield additionally by 4% (not significant).
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- A second and third period of soil‐water stresse3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 4% (NS)e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e3“A second and third period of soil‐water stress reduced yield additionally 5% (NS) and 4% (NS), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress first applied during period 2 caused an 11% yield reduction.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- receiving soil‐water stress for the first time during period 2e4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- reductionse4
- Value
- 11%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e4“Treatments receiving soil‐water stress for the first time during period 2 or period 3 had 11% (α = 0.01) or 12% (α = 0.01) yield reductions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress first applied during period 3 caused a 12% yield reduction.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- receiving soil‐water stress for the first time during period 2 or period 3e4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- reductionse4
- Value
- 12%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e4“Treatments receiving soil‐water stress for the first time during period 2 or period 3 had 11% (α = 0.01) or 12% (α = 0.01) yield reductions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Three periods of soil-water stress produced fewer seeds than stress only during the third period.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- three periods of soil‐water stresse5
- Outcome
- seedse5
- Direction
- fewere5
- Comparator
- plants stressed only during the third periode5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e5“The plants subjected to three periods of soil‐water stress produced fewer but heavier seeds than plants stressed only during the third period”
Claim · model-written summary
Three periods of soil-water stress produced heavier seeds than stress only during the third period.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- three periods of soil‐water stresse5
- Outcome
- seedse5
- Direction
- heaviere5
- Comparator
- plants stressed only during the third periode5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e5“The plants subjected to three periods of soil‐water stress produced fewer but heavier seeds than plants stressed only during the third period”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses of yield components (nodes per plant, pods per node, seeds per pod and weight per seed) varied extensively between cultivars and treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- yield componentse6
- Qualifier
- varied extensively between cultivars and treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e6“The response of yield components, nodes/plant, pods/node, seeds/pods, and weight per seed, varied extensively between cultivars and treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Preconditioning soybeans for later stress resulted in less yield reduction than unconditioned plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Preconditioning soybeans for later stresse7
- Outcome
- yield reductione7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Comparator
- the plants were unconditionede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e7“Preconditioning soybeans for later stress resulted in less yield reduction than if the plants were unconditioned”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yields of later maturing cultivars Ottilie 7270 and Beeson were greater than those of Corsoy and Hodgson under multiple stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Ottilie 7270 and Beesone1
- Treatment
- multiple stress during reproductive growthe1
- Outcome
- Seed yieldse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- the cvs. Corsoy and Hodgsone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e1“Seed yields of later maturing cultivars, Ottilie 7270 and Beeson, were greater and were less affected by multiple stress during reproductive growth than the cvs. Corsoy and Hodgson”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yields of Ottilie 7270 and Beeson were less affected by multiple stress than those of Corsoy and Hodgson.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Ottilie 7270 and Beesone1
- Treatment
- multiple stress during reproductive growthe1
- Outcome
- affected by multiple stresse1
- Direction
- less affectede1
- Comparator
- the cvs. Corsoy and Hodgsone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e1“Seed yields of later maturing cultivars, Ottilie 7270 and Beeson, were greater and were less affected by multiple stress during reproductive growth than the cvs. Corsoy and Hodgson”
Claim · model-written summary
Ottilie 7270 was less affected by soil-water stress (12% yield loss) than the other cultivars (18% yield loss).
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Ottilie 7270e1
- Treatment
- soil‐water stresse1
- Outcome
- yield losse1
- Direction
- less affectede1
- Value
- 12%e1
- Qualifier
- 18% yield losse1
- Comparator
- the other cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e1“Two of the cultivars, ‘Ottilie 7270’ and ‘Beeson’, were less affected by soil‐water stress (12% yield loss) than the other cultivars (18% yield loss), ‘Hodgson’ and ‘Corsoy’, averaged over stress treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-water stress early in the reproductive period appeared to increase harvest index by changing dry matter partitioning.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil‐water stress imposed on plants early in their reproductive periodse1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e1“Soil‐water stress imposed on plants early in their reproductive periods appeared to change dry matter partitioning by increasing their harvest index, and this was most notable with the later maturing cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
All cultivars showed a similar yield response to single periods of stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- yield response to single periods of stresse1
- Qualifier
- similare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e1“all the cultivars exhibited similar yield response to single periods of stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The magnitude of individual decrements in yield components depended on the timing of soil-water treatments and the state of soybean development.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- magnitude of individual decrements in these parameterse1
- Qualifier
- dependent on the timing of soil‐water treatments and the state of development of the soybeanse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Indeterminate Soybeans”
e1“The magnitude of individual decrements in these parameters was dependent on the timing of soil‐water treatments and the state of development of the soybeans”
The same questions in other papers
soil water · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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3 in the opposite direction
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