Abstract
Enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV) and elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) may individually cause reductions in the growth and productivity of important agricultural crops. However, research regarding their combined effects on important agricultural crops is still scarce, especially on changes in secondary metabolites and endogenous hormones, which are important protective substances and signal components that control plant responses to environment stresses. In this study, using an experimental setup of open top chambers, we monitored the responses of seed yield per plant, leaf secondary metabolites and leaf endogenous hormones under the stress of elevated O3 and enhanced UV radiation individually, as well as their combined stress. The results indicated that elevated O3 (110 ± 10 nmol mol-1 for 8 hours per day) and enhanced UV radiation (1.73 kJ h-1 m-2) significantly decreased seed yield per plant. Concentrations of rutin, queretin and total flavonoids were significantly increased under the elevated O3 treatment or the enhanced UV radiation treatment or the combination treatment at flowering and podding stages, and concentrations of rutin, queretin and total flavonoids showed significant correlations with seed yield per plant. Concentrations of ABA and IAA decreased under the three treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between the ABA concentration and seed yield and a negative correlation between the IAA concentration and seed yield. We concluded that the combined stress of elevated O3 and UV radiation significantly decreased seed yield per plant. Yield reduction was associated with changes in the concentrations of flavonoids, ABA and IAA in soybean leaves. The effects of the combined O3 and UV stress were always greater than those of the individual stresses alone.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone significantly decreased seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- elevated O3 (110 ± 10 nmol mol-1 for 8 hours per day)e0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated O3 (110 ± 10 nmol mol-1 for 8 hours per day) and enhanced UV radiation (1.73 kJ h-1 m-2) significantly decreased seed yield per plant.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced ultraviolet radiation significantly decreased seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- enhanced UV radiation (1.73 kJ h-1 m-2)e0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated O3 (110 ± 10 nmol mol-1 for 8 hours per day) and enhanced UV radiation (1.73 kJ h-1 m-2) significantly decreased seed yield per plant.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin, queretin, and total flavonoid concentrations increased under elevated O3 treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- flowering and podding stagese0
- Treatment
- elevated O3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of rutin, queretin and total flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of rutin, queretin and total flavonoids were significantly increased under the elevated O3 treatment or the enhanced UV radiation treatment or the combination treatment at flowering and podding stages”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin, queretin, and total flavonoid concentrations increased under enhanced UV radiation treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- flowering and podding stagese0
- Treatment
- enhanced UV radiation treatmente0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of rutin, queretin and total flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of rutin, queretin and total flavonoids were significantly increased under the elevated O3 treatment or the enhanced UV radiation treatment or the combination treatment at flowering and podding stages”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin, queretin, and total flavonoid concentrations increased under combination treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- flowering and podding stagese0
- Treatment
- combination treatmente0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of rutin, queretin and total flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of rutin, queretin and total flavonoids were significantly increased under the elevated O3 treatment or the enhanced UV radiation treatment or the combination treatment at flowering and podding stages”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rutin, queretin, and total flavonoid concentrations correlated significantly with seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- rutin, queretin and total flavonoidse0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentrations of rutin, queretin and total flavonoids showed significant correlations with seed yield per plant.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA and IAA concentrations decreased under the three treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- three treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of ABA and IAAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of ABA and IAA decreased under the three treatments.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA concentration was positively correlated with seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- ABA concentratione0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant positive correlation between the ABA concentration and seed yield”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA concentration was negatively correlated with seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- IAA concentratione0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a negative correlation between the IAA concentration and seed yield.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ozone and ultraviolet stress significantly decreased seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- combined stress of elevated O3 and UV radiatione0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined stress of elevated O3 and UV radiation significantly decreased seed yield per plant.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ozone and ultraviolet stress had greater effects than either individual stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- combined O3 and UV stresse0
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- individual stresses alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of the combined O3 and UV stress were always greater than those of the individual stresses alone.”
t0“soybean”
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See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.