Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of exogenous regulators on plant elongation and carbohydrate consumption of rice seedlings under submergence. IR64 and IR64-Sub1 with submergence tolerance gene Sub1 were used. Twenty-day-old seedlings were sprayed with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), paclobutrazol (PB), gibberellic acid (GA), or distilled water (as control) two days prior to the submergence. Plants were completely submerged and water depth was maintained for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 days respectively in tanks. The plants were allowed to recover for seven days after submergence. We investigated the effects of ACC, PB, and GA on the survival percentage, shoot elongation, chlorophyll degradation and recovery, as well as non-structure carbohydrate (NSC) consumption. The results showed that complete submergence resulted in significant elongation of plant shoots, rapid decline of SPAD, and quick depletion of soluble sugars in leaves. However, the initial NSC content in shoots of IR64-Sub1 was higher than that of IR64, and the consumption rate during submergence was lower, and the starch content in shoots maintained after submergence was higher. PB could significantly enhance rice seedling survival by reducing plant elongation, chlorophyll degradation and NSC consumption, and the effect of PB pretreatment on IR64-Sub1 was more pronounced. Conversely, GA increased plant elongation, leaf chlorophyll degradation and depletion of NSC, which resulted in the lowest recovery capability and survival percentage. However, the inhibition of GA on submergence tolerance of IR64-Sub1 was much poorer compared with IR64. Plant elongation treated by ACC was much lower than by GA. In conclusion, PB could restrain plant elongation effectively, retarding chlorophyll degradation, decelerating NSC consumption and retaining more NSC after de-submergence. The results suggested that PB could increase rapid recovery of rice after submergence stress which was of significance in alleviating flood and waterlogging injury in flash-flood-prone areas.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Submergence significantly elongated rice shoots.
- Taxon
- rice seedlings
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- complete submergencee0
- Outcome
- elongation of plant shootse0
- Direction
- elongatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“complete submergence resulted in significant elongation of plant shoots”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Submergence rapidly lowered SPAD.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- submergencet0
- Outcome
- SPADe0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rapid decline of SPAD”
t0“rice seedlings under submergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Submergence rapidly depleted leaf soluble sugars.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- submergencet0
- Outcome
- soluble sugars in leavese0
- Direction
- depletione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“quick depletion of soluble sugars in leaves”
t0“rice seedlings under submergence”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 had higher initial shoot NSC than IR64.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Outcome
- initial NSC content in shootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- IR64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the initial NSC content in shoots of IR64-Sub1 was higher than that of IR64”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 consumed NSC more slowly than IR64 during submergence.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e1
- Outcome
- consumption rate during submergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- IR64e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the consumption rate during submergence was lower”
e1“IR64-Sub1 was higher than that of IR64”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64-Sub1 retained more shoot starch than IR64 after submergence.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e1
- Outcome
- starch content in shootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- IR64e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the starch content in shoots maintained after submergence was higher”
e1“IR64-Sub1 was higher than that of IR64”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PB significantly increased rice seedling survival.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PB could significantly enhance rice seedling survival”
Claim · model-written summary
PB reduced elongation, chlorophyll degradation and NSC consumption.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- plant elongation, chlorophyll degradation and NSC consumptione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PB could significantly enhance rice seedling survival by reducing plant elongation, chlorophyll degradation and NSC consumption”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The PB pretreatment effect was more pronounced in IR64-Sub1.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- PB pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- effect of PB pretreatmente0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of PB pretreatment on IR64-Sub1 was more pronounced”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GA increased elongation, chlorophyll degradation and NSC depletion.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- plant elongation, leaf chlorophyll degradation and depletion of NSCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA increased plant elongation, leaf chlorophyll degradation and depletion of NSC”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GA gave the lowest recovery capability and survival percentage.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- recovery capability and survival percentagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA increased plant elongation, leaf chlorophyll degradation and depletion of NSC, which resulted in the lowest recovery capability and survival percentage”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GA inhibited submergence tolerance less in IR64-Sub1 than in IR64.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR64-Sub1e0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- submergence tolerancee0
- Direction
- much poorere0
- Comparator
- IR64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inhibition of GA on submergence tolerance of IR64-Sub1 was much poorer compared with IR64”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC produced much less elongation than GA.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- Plant elongatione0
- Direction
- much lowere0
- Comparator
- GAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant elongation treated by ACC was much lower than by GA.”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest PB can speed recovery after submergence and alleviate flood injury.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- rapid recovery of rice after submergence stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PB could increase rapid recovery of rice after submergence stress which was of significance in alleviating flood and waterlogging injury in flash-flood-prone areas.”
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