Abstract
Primary branch development of the rice panicle was in the order of a basipetal sequence from the top to the bottom at the time of anthesis. Delayed development of spikelets on the proximal branches of the panicle resulted in reduced grain filling. Two experiments were carried out to manipulate growth and development of the proximal spikelets with exogenous application of chemicals regulating formation or action of ethylene. In the first experiment, inhibitors of ethylene synthesis (cobalt) and action (silver) improved grain biomass and specific gravity of the basal spikelets, while 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) depressed these parameters significantly. In the second experiment, the ethylene synthesis inhibitor 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) promoted spikelet development on the basal primary branches and improved their survival and grain biomass. On the contrary, the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid (ACC) inhibited growth and development of these spikelets. The action of AVG was reversed when ACC was applied in combination with AVG. In both experiments, the chemicals did not influence growth and development of the superior spikelets on the apical primary branches of the panicle. Depression of growth and development by CEPA or ACC coincided with a concomitant rise in soluble carbohydrate concentration of the spikelets, whereas treatments with ethylene inhibitors decreased the concentration of the materials. The role of ethylene in metabolic dominance of the apical spikelets and its impact on grain yield of rice panicles is discussed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Rice panicle primary branches developed from top to bottom at anthesis.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- paniclee0
- Outcome
- Primary branch developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Primary branch development of the rice panicle was in the order of a basipetal sequence from the top to the bottom at the time of anthesis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed proximal spikelet development reduced grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- spikelets on the proximal branches of the paniclee0
- Outcome
- grain fillinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Delayed development of spikelets on the proximal branches of the panicle resulted in reduced grain filling.”
Claim · model-written summary
cobalt improved basal spikelet grain biomass and specific gravity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- basal spikeletse0
- Treatment
- cobalte0
- Outcome
- grain biomass and specific gravitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“In the first experiment, inhibitors of ethylene synthesis (cobalt) and action (silver) improved grain biomass and specific gravity of the basal spikelets, while 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) depressed these parameters significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
silver improved basal spikelet grain biomass and specific gravity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- basal spikeletse0
- Treatment
- silvere0
- Outcome
- grain biomass and specific gravitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“In the first experiment, inhibitors of ethylene synthesis (cobalt) and action (silver) improved grain biomass and specific gravity of the basal spikelets, while 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) depressed these parameters significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) depressed basal spikelet grain biomass and specific gravity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- basal spikeletse0
- Treatment
- 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA)e0
- Outcome
- grain biomass and specific gravitye0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“In the first experiment, inhibitors of ethylene synthesis (cobalt) and action (silver) improved grain biomass and specific gravity of the basal spikelets, while 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) depressed these parameters significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) promoted basal spikelet spikelet development.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- spikelet developmente0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“In the second experiment, the ethylene synthesis inhibitor 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) promoted spikelet development on the basal primary branches and improved their survival and grain biomass. On the contrary, the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid (ACC) inhibited growth and development of these spikelets.”
Claim · model-written summary
1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) improved basal spikelet survival and grain biomass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- survival and grain biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“In the second experiment, the ethylene synthesis inhibitor 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) promoted spikelet development on the basal primary branches and improved their survival and grain biomass. On the contrary, the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid (ACC) inhibited growth and development of these spikelets.”
Claim · model-written summary
1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid (ACC) inhibited basal spikelet growth and development.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Outcome
- growth and developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“In the second experiment, the ethylene synthesis inhibitor 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) promoted spikelet development on the basal primary branches and improved their survival and grain biomass. On the contrary, the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid (ACC) inhibited growth and development of these spikelets.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC reversed the action of AVG when both were applied.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ACC was applied in combination with AVGe0
- Outcome
- action of AVGe0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- AVGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The action of AVG was reversed when ACC was applied in combination with AVG.”
Claim · model-written summary
The chemicals did not influence superior apical spikelet growth and development.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- the chemicalse0
- Outcome
- growth and development of the superior spikeletse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“In both experiments, the chemicals did not influence growth and development of the superior spikelets on the apical primary branches of the panicle.”
Claim · model-written summary
CEPA was associated with rise in spikelet soluble carbohydrate concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CEPAe0
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydrate concentration of the spikeletse0
- Direction
- risee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Depression of growth and development by CEPA or ACC coincided with a concomitant rise in soluble carbohydrate concentration of the spikelets, whereas treatments with ethylene inhibitors decreased the concentration of the materials.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC was associated with rise in spikelet soluble carbohydrate concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydrate concentration of the spikeletse0
- Direction
- risee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Depression of growth and development by CEPA or ACC coincided with a concomitant rise in soluble carbohydrate concentration of the spikelets, whereas treatments with ethylene inhibitors decreased the concentration of the materials.”
Claim · model-written summary
ethylene inhibitors was associated with decreased in spikelet soluble carbohydrate concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ethylene inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydrate concentration of the spikeletse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Depression of growth and development by CEPA or ACC coincided with a concomitant rise in soluble carbohydrate concentration of the spikelets, whereas treatments with ethylene inhibitors decreased the concentration of the materials.”
The same questions in other papers
cobalt atom · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
silver atom · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.