Abstract
Rice seeds germinating in flooded soils encounter hypoxia or even anoxia leading to poor seed germination and crop establishment. Introgression of AG1 and AG2 QTLs associated with tolerance of flooding during germination, together with seed pre-treatment via hydro-priming or presoaking can enhance germination and seedling growth in anaerobic soils. This study assessed the performance of elite lines incorporating AG1, AG2 and their combination when directly seeded in flooded soils using dry seeds. The QTLs were in the background of two popular varieties PSB Rc82 and Ciherang-Sub1, evaluated along with the donors Kho Hlan On (AG1) and Ma-Zhan Red (AG2) and recipient parents PSB Rc82 and Ciherang-Sub1. In one set of experiments conducted in the greenhouse, seedling emergence, growth, and carbohydrate mobilization from seeds were assessed. Metabolites associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging including malondialdehyde (MDA) as a measure of lipid peroxidation, ascorbate, total phenolic concentration (TPC), and activities of ROS scavenging enzymes were quantified in seeds germinating under control (saturated) and flooded (10 cm) soils. In another set of experiments conducted in a natural field with 3-5 cm flooding depths, control and pretreated seeds of Ciherang-Sub1 introgression lines and checks were used. Flooding reduced seedling emergence of all genotypes, though emergence of AG1 + AG2 introgression lines was greater than the other AG lines. Soluble sugars increased, while starch concentration decreased gradually under flooding especially in the tolerant checks and in AG1 + AG2 introgression lines. Less lipid peroxidation and higher α-amylase activity, higher ascorbate (RAsA) and TPC were observed in the tolerant checks and in the AG1 + AG2 introgression lines. Lipid peroxidation correlated negatively with ascorbate, TPC, and with ROS scavengers. Seed hydro-priming or pre-soaking increased emergence by 7-10% over that of dry seeds. Introgression of AG2 and AG1 + AG2 QTLs with seed pretreatment showed 101-153% higher emergence over dry seeds of intolerant genotypes in the field. Lines carrying AG1 + AG2 QTLs showed higher α-amylase activity, leading to rapid starch degradation and increase in soluble sugars, ascorbate, and TPC, together leading to higher germination and seedling growth in flooded soils. Seed hydro-priming or pre-soaking for 24 h also improved traits associated with flooding tolerance. Combining tolerance with seed management could therefore, improve crop establishment in flooded soils and encourage large-scale adoption of direct seeded rice system.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding reduced seedling emergence in all rice genotypes.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Floodinge0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- all genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooding reduced seedling emergence of all genotypes”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AG1 plus AG2 lines had greater emergence than other AG lines under flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- AG1 + AG2 introgression linese0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- the other AG linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emergence of AG1 + AG2 introgression lines was greater than the other AG lines.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugars increased under flooding, especially in tolerant checks and AG1 plus AG2 lines.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- AG1 + AG2 introgression linese0
- Treatment
- floodinge0
- Outcome
- Soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- especially in the tolerant checkse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble sugars increased, while starch concentration decreased gradually under flooding especially in the tolerant checks and in AG1 + AG2 introgression lines.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch concentration decreased gradually under flooding, especially in tolerant checks and AG1 plus AG2 lines.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- AG1 + AG2 introgression linese0
- Treatment
- floodinge0
- Outcome
- starch concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- especially in the tolerant checkse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble sugars increased, while starch concentration decreased gradually under flooding especially in the tolerant checks and in AG1 + AG2 introgression lines.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant checks showed less lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- tolerant checkse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- Lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less lipid peroxidation and higher α-amylase activity, higher ascorbate (RAsA) and TPC were observed in the tolerant checks and in the AG1 + AG2 introgression lines.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AG1 plus AG2 lines showed less lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- AG1 + AG2 introgression linese0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- Lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less lipid peroxidation and higher α-amylase activity, higher ascorbate (RAsA) and TPC were observed in the tolerant checks and in the AG1 + AG2 introgression lines.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant checks showed higher alpha amylase activity, ascorbate and total phenolic concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- tolerant checkse0
- Outcome
- α-amylase activity, higher ascorbate (RAsA) and TPCe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less lipid peroxidation and higher α-amylase activity, higher ascorbate (RAsA) and TPC were observed in the tolerant checks and in the AG1 + AG2 introgression lines.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AG1 plus AG2 lines showed higher alpha amylase activity, ascorbate and total phenolic concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- AG1 + AG2 introgression linese0
- Outcome
- α-amylase activity, higher ascorbate (RAsA) and TPCe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less lipid peroxidation and higher α-amylase activity, higher ascorbate (RAsA) and TPC were observed in the tolerant checks and in the AG1 + AG2 introgression lines.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation correlated negatively with ascorbate, total phenolics and ROS scavengers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- ascorbate, TPC, and with ROS scavengerse0
- Outcome
- Lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lipid peroxidation correlated negatively with ascorbate, TPC, and with ROS scavengers.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydro priming increased emergence by 7–10% over dry seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Seed hydro-priminge0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7-10%e0
- Comparator
- dry seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed hydro-priming or pre-soaking increased emergence by 7-10% over that of dry seeds.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre soaking increased emergence by 7–10% over dry seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre-soakinge0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7-10%e0
- Comparator
- dry seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed hydro-priming or pre-soaking increased emergence by 7-10% over that of dry seeds.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AG2 introgression with pretreatment gave 101–153% higher field emergence than dry intolerant seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AG2 and AG1 + AG2 QTLs with seed pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 101-153%e0
- Comparator
- dry seeds of intolerant genotypese0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Introgression of AG2 and AG1 + AG2 QTLs with seed pretreatment showed 101-153% higher emergence over dry seeds of intolerant genotypes in the field.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AG1 plus AG2 QTL introgression with pretreatment gave 101–153% higher field emergence than dry intolerant seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AG1 + AG2 QTLs with seed pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 101-153%e0
- Comparator
- dry seeds of intolerant genotypese0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Introgression of AG2 and AG1 + AG2 QTLs with seed pretreatment showed 101-153% higher emergence over dry seeds of intolerant genotypes in the field.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AG1 plus AG2 QTL lines showed higher amylase activity and rapid starch degradation, increasing soluble sugars, ascorbate and total phenolics.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Lines carrying AG1 + AG2 QTLse0
- Gene
- α-amylasee0
- Outcome
- rapid starch degradation and increase in soluble sugars, ascorbate, and TPCe0
- Qualifier
- higher germination and seedling growth in flooded soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lines carrying AG1 + AG2 QTLs showed higher α-amylase activity, leading to rapid starch degradation and increase in soluble sugars, ascorbate, and TPC, together leading to higher germination and seedling growth in flooded soils.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydro priming for 24 hours improved flooding tolerance traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Seed hydro-priminge0
- Outcome
- traits associated with flooding tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- for 24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed hydro-priming or pre-soaking for 24 h also improved traits associated with flooding tolerance.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre soaking for 24 hours improved flooding tolerance traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre-soakinge0
- Outcome
- traits associated with flooding tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- for 24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed hydro-priming or pre-soaking for 24 h also improved traits associated with flooding tolerance.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest combining tolerance and seed management to improve crop establishment in flooded soils.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Combining tolerance with seed managemente0
- Qualifier
- improve crop establishment in flooded soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining tolerance with seed management could therefore, improve crop establishment in flooded soils”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · physiology: osmolytes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
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See all 138 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.