Abstract
Field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The experiment was conducted in split plot design on wheat variety UP-2565 to study phenological development and yield of wheat in relation to sowing dates, seed priming and foliar nutrition. Main plot treatments consisted of two sowing date i.e. timely (November 28) and late (December 28) and seed priming with 2.0% KCl for 12 hours and non-primed seed. Sub plot treatment consisted of foliar treatment including foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4, 0.5% CaCl2, 0.5% KNO3, 2.0% urea and control. Foliar spray was done at maximum tillering and 80% flowering stage. Results revealed that grain yield reduction in late sown wheat was 22.9% and 24.0% during first and second crop season, respectively in comparison to timely sown wheat. Late sown crop showed significant reduction in number of days to attain phenological phases due to effect of high temperature at late vegetative phases. Commencement of days to flowering, anthesis and physiological maturity were 12.4 and 10.3 days (2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively), 12.1 and 11.3 days (2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively), 9.7 and 8.5 days (2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively) earlier in late sown than timely sown wheat crop. In seed priming treatment occurrence of phenological phases 1.9 to 2.8 days earlier than non-primed seed. There was no significant variation in yield attributes and grain yield due to seed priming. Foliar nutrition resulted significant increment in grain yield over no spray treatment. Grain yield increased by 28.9% and 23.7% with 2% urea, 26.8 and 19.4% with 0.5% ZnSO4, 21.7 and 14.6% with 0.5% KNO3 and 17.2 and 9.3% with 0.5% CaCl2 foliar spray during 1st and 2nd year, respectively. Timely sown wheat responded more to foliar treatment than late sown in relation to increment in grain yield. Foliar spray of 2% urea in timely (Nov 28) sown crop seemed the most productive combination followed by foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 in same sowing date. Foliar spray of urea @ 2% and ZnSO4 @ 0.5% treatments were more viable for both the sowing dates and can compensate the yield loss.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing reduced first season grain yield by 22.9%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- late sowne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 22.9%e0
- Comparator
- timely sown wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield reduction in late sown wheat was 22.9% and 24.0% during first and second crop season, respectively in comparison to timely sown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing reduced second season grain yield by 24.0%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- late sowne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 24.0%e0
- Comparator
- timely sown wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield reduction in late sown wheat was 22.9% and 24.0% during first and second crop season, respectively in comparison to timely sown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing shortened time to phenological phases.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Late sown crop showed significant reduction in number of days to attain phenological phases”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering occurred 12.4 and 10.3 days earlier under late sowing.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“days to flowering, anthesis and physiological maturity were 12.4 and 10.3 days (2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthesis occurred 12.1 and 11.3 days earlier under late sowing.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“12.1 and 11.3 days (2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturity occurred 9.7 and 8.5 days earlier under late sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- late sowne0
- Outcome
- dayse0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 9.7 and 8.5 dayse0
- Comparator
- timely sowne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“9.7 and 8.5 days (2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively) earlier in late sown than timely sown wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming advanced phenological phases by 1.9 to 2.8 days.
- Treatment
- seed priminge0
- Outcome
- occurrence of phenological phasese0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 1.9 to 2.8 dayse0
- Comparator
- non-primed seede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In seed priming treatment occurrence of phenological phases 1.9 to 2.8 days earlier than non-primed seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming did not significantly change yield attributes or yield.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant variation in yield attributes and grain yield due to seed priming”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nutrition increased yield over no spray.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Foliar nutrition resulted significant increment in grain yield over no spray treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea spray increased yield by 28.9% and 23.7%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increased by 28.9% and 23.7% with 2% urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate spray increased yield by 26.8 and 19.4%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increased by 28.9% and 23.7% with 2% urea, 26.8 and 19.4% with 0.5% ZnSO4”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate spray increased yield by 21.7 and 14.6%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increased by 28.9% and 23.7% with 2% urea, 26.8 and 19.4% with 0.5% ZnSO4, 21.7 and 14.6% with 0.5% KNO3”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride spray increased yield by 17.2 and 9.3%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increased by 28.9% and 23.7% with 2% urea, 26.8 and 19.4% with 0.5% ZnSO4, 21.7 and 14.6% with 0.5% KNO3 and 17.2 and 9.3% with 0.5% CaCl2 foliar spray”
Claim · model-written summary
Timely sown wheat responded more to foliar treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- late sowne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Timely sown wheat responded more to foliar treatment than late sown in relation to increment in grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea spray with timely sowing was most productive.
- Outcome
- most productive combinatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of 2% urea in timely (Nov 28) sown crop seemed the most productive combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate spray with timely sowing ranked next.
- Outcome
- followed bye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“followed by foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 in same sowing date”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend urea and zinc sulfate sprays for either sowing date.
- Outcome
- more viable for both the sowing dates and can compensate the yield losse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of urea @ 2% and ZnSO4 @ 0.5% treatments were more viable for both the sowing dates and can compensate the yield loss”
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