Abstract
Adequate regulation of mineral nutrients might be effective to ameliorate the deleterious effects of salts and help to sustain crop productivity, particularly in glycophytes, under salt stress. In this study, laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre in East Azerbaijan, Iran, to investigate the interactive effects of silicon and potassium nitrate in alleviating NaCl induced injuries in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the laboratory experiment, three winter wheat cultivars Pishgam, Afagh and Alvand were grown on sterile filter paper moistened with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mmol L−1 NaCl solution. Results revealed that wheat cultivars were significantly different in their growth response to different concentrations of NaCl and Pishgam was found to be the most tolerant to NaCl stress, and used in the second part of study. In the greenhouse experiment, Pishgam was grown in a hydroponic system subjected to different NaCl levels (20, 60 and 100 mmol L−1) and treated by silicon (0, 2 and 4 mmol L−1, final concentration in nutrient solution using K2SiO3) and potassium nitrate (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mmol L−1, foliar application). The experimental design was factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. It was found that NaCl stress significantly increased proline accumulation and sodium content in the plant tissues while decreased potassium uptake and accumulation by plants. Moreover, plant weight, 100-seed weight, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis were also significantly affected by varying levels of NaCl. However, exogenous application of silicon and potassium nitrate reduced sodium uptake, increased potassium and consequently improved plant weight, 100-seed weight, seed yield, ear length, and photosynthesis rate. This study suggested that utilization of the salt-tolerant cultivar (Pishgam) combined with proper foliar application of potassium nitrate (2 mmol L−1) and silicon (4 mmol L−1) at the wheat booting stage might be a promising approach to obtain higher grain yield on saline lands.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat cultivars differed significantly in growth responses to NaCl concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- wheat cultivarse0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- growth responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat cultivars were significantly different in their growth response to different concentrations of NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Pishgam was the most NaCl-tolerant cultivar.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Pishgame0
- Outcome
- most tolerant to NaCl stresse0
- Direction
- most tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pishgam was found to be the most tolerant to NaCl stress”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress significantly increased proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress significantly increased proline accumulation and sodium content in the plant tissues while decreased potassium uptake and accumulation by plants.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress significantly increased sodium content in plant tissues.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- sodium content in the plant tissuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress significantly increased proline accumulation and sodium content in the plant tissues while decreased potassium uptake and accumulation by plants.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress significantly decreased potassium uptake and accumulation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- potassium uptake and accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress significantly increased proline accumulation and sodium content in the plant tissues while decreased potassium uptake and accumulation by plants.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Varying NaCl levels significantly affected plant weight, seed weight, water content, chlorophyll and photosynthesis; direction was unstated.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- varying levels of NaCle0
- Outcome
- plant weight, 100-seed weight, relative water contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant weight, 100-seed weight, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis were also significantly affected by varying levels of NaCl.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Varying NaCl levels significantly affected chlorophyll content and photosynthesis; direction was unstated.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- varying levels of NaCle0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, and photosynthesise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis were also significantly affected by varying levels of NaCl.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon and potassium nitrate application reduced sodium uptake.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of silicon and potassium nitratee0
- Outcome
- sodium uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of silicon and potassium nitrate reduced sodium uptake, increased potassium and consequently improved plant weight, 100-seed weight, seed yield, ear length, and photosynthesis rate.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon and potassium nitrate application increased potassium.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of silicon and potassium nitratee0
- Outcome
- potassiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of silicon and potassium nitrate reduced sodium uptake, increased potassium and consequently improved plant weight, 100-seed weight, seed yield, ear length, and photosynthesis rate.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon and potassium nitrate application improved plant weight, seed weight and yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of silicon and potassium nitratee0
- Outcome
- plant weight, 100-seed weight, seed yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of silicon and potassium nitrate reduced sodium uptake, increased potassium and consequently improved plant weight, 100-seed weight, seed yield, ear length, and photosynthesis rate.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon and potassium nitrate application improved ear length and photosynthesis rate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of silicon and potassium nitratee0
- Outcome
- ear length, and photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of silicon and potassium nitrate reduced sodium uptake, increased potassium and consequently improved plant weight, 100-seed weight, seed yield, ear length, and photosynthesis rate.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Pishgam with foliar potassium nitrate and silicon at booting for higher grain yield on saline land.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Pishgame0
- Organ / stage
- wheat booting stagee0
- Treatment
- foliar application of potassium nitrate (2 mmol L−1) and silicon (4 mmol L−1)e0
- Outcome
- higher grain yield on saline landse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“utilization of the salt-tolerant cultivar (Pishgam) combined with proper foliar application of potassium nitrate (2 mmol L−1) and silicon (4 mmol L−1) at the wheat booting stage might be a promising approach to obtain higher grain yield on saline lands.”
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