Abstract
Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat. The effective strains were originally isolated from roots of wheat grown in soil naturally suppressive to take-all and were selected on the basis of in vitro antibiosis to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Isolate 2-79, alone or combined with isolate 13-79, suppressed take-all in five of six field tests conducted in nonfumigated soil infested with inoculum of G. graminis var. tritici. The combination treatment was more suppressive than 13-79 alone in all field tests, and was slightly more suppressive than 2-79 alone in three of six field tests. Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed. Tests in field plots fumigated with methyl bromide, with and without the reintroduction of G. graminis var. tritici, established that the bacteria do not promote plant growth other than by controlling of take-all. The seed treatment resulted in increased yields of up to 147% in fumigated soil and up to 27% in natural soil. An antibiotic-resistant strain of 2-79 was isolated from the roots of wheat in the field following germination of bacteria-treated seed. The population of the introduced bacterium exceeded 10 6 colony-forming units per 0.1 g of root tissue 3 wk after planting. The populations of strains 2-79 and 13-79 applied on wheat seeds with methylcellulose were stable for 21 days at 5 or 15 C, but declined rapidly at 25 C.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate 2-79, alone or with 13-79, suppressed take-all in five of six field tests compared with nontreated seed.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Isolate 2-79, alone or combined with isolate 13-79e1
- Interactor
- G. graminis var. triticiGaeumannomyces triticie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- take-alle1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Value
- five of six field testse1
- Comparator
- nontreated seede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e1“Isolate 2-79, alone or combined with isolate 13-79, suppressed take-all in five of six field tests conducted in nonfumigated soil infested with inoculum of G. graminis var. tritici”
e2“Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination treatment was more suppressive of take-all than isolate 13-79 alone in all field tests.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combination treatmente3
- Outcome
- take-alle1
- Direction
- more suppressivee3
- Comparator
- 13-79 alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e1“Isolate 2-79, alone or combined with isolate 13-79, suppressed take-all in five of six field tests conducted in nonfumigated soil infested with inoculum of G. graminis var. tritici”
e3“The combination treatment was more suppressive than 13-79 alone in all field tests”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination treatment was slightly more suppressive of take-all than isolate 2-79 alone in three of six field tests.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combination treatmente3
- Outcome
- take-alle1
- Direction
- slightly more suppressivee4
- Value
- three of six field testse4
- Comparator
- 2-79 alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e1“Isolate 2-79, alone or combined with isolate 13-79, suppressed take-all in five of six field tests conducted in nonfumigated soil infested with inoculum of G. graminis var. tritici”
e3“The combination treatment was more suppressive than 13-79 alone in all field tests”
e4“was slightly more suppressive than 2-79 alone in three of six field tests”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial seed treatment gave fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all in the field than nontreated seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- bacteriae2
- Outcome
- plants with foliage symptoms of take-alle2
- Direction
- fewere2
- Comparator
- nontreated seede2
- Setting
- fielde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e2“Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial seed treatment gave taller plants in the field than nontreated seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- bacteriae2
- Outcome
- taller plantse2
- Direction
- tallere2
- Comparator
- nontreated seede2
- Setting
- fielde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e2“Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial seed treatment gave more heads in the field than nontreated seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- bacteriae2
- Outcome
- headse2
- Direction
- moree2
- Comparator
- nontreated seede2
- Setting
- fielde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e2“Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial seed treatment gave greater wheat yield in the field than nontreated seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- bacteriae2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- nontreated seede2
- Setting
- fielde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e2“Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial seed treatment gave less root disease in the field than nontreated seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- bacteriae2
- Outcome
- root diseasee2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Comparator
- nontreated seede2
- Setting
- fielde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e2“Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment increased wheat yields by up to 147% in fumigated soil compared with nontreated seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed treatmente5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- up to 147%e5
- Comparator
- nontreated seede2
- Setting
- fumigated soile5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e2“Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed”
e5“The seed treatment resulted in increased yields of up to 147% in fumigated soil and up to 27% in natural soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment increased wheat yields by up to 27% in natural soil compared with nontreated seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seed treatmente5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- up to 27%e5
- Comparator
- nontreated seede2
- Setting
- natural soile5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e2“Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed”
e5“The seed treatment resulted in increased yields of up to 147% in fumigated soil and up to 27% in natural soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacteria did not promote plant growth other than by controlling take-all.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- bacteriae6
- Outcome
- plant growthe6
- Direction
- do not promotee6
- Qualifier
- other than by controlling of take-alle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e6“Tests in field plots fumigated with methyl bromide, with and without the reintroduction of G. graminis var. tritici, established that the bacteria do not promote plant growth other than by controlling of take-all”
Claim · model-written summary
An antibiotic-resistant strain of 2-79 was isolated from wheat roots in the field after germination of treated seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- antibiotic-resistant strain of 2-79e7
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Outcome
- isolated from the rootse7
- Setting
- in the fielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e7“An antibiotic-resistant strain of 2-79 was isolated from the roots of wheat in the field following germination of bacteria-treated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The introduced bacterium exceeded 10^6 colony-forming units per 0.1 g of wheat root tissue 3 weeks after planting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- root tissuee1
- Outcome
- population of the introduced bacteriume1
- Value
- 10 6 colony-forming units per 0.1 ge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e1“The population of the introduced bacterium exceeded 10 6 colony-forming units per 0.1 g of root tissue 3 wk after planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Populations of strains 2-79 and 13-79 applied to wheat seeds with methylcellulose were stable for 21 days at 5 or 15 C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- applied on wheat seeds with methylcellulosee1
- Outcome
- populations of strains 2-79 and 13-79e1
- Direction
- stablee1
- Value
- 21 dayse1
- Qualifier
- at 5 or 15 Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e1“The populations of strains 2-79 and 13-79 applied on wheat seeds with methylcellulose were stable for 21 days at 5 or 15 C, but declined rapidly at 25 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Populations of strains 2-79 and 13-79 declined rapidly at 25 C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- applied on wheat seeds with methylcellulosee1
- Outcome
- populations of strains 2-79 and 13-79e1
- Direction
- declined rapidlye1
- Qualifier
- at 25 Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e1“The populations of strains 2-79 and 13-79 applied on wheat seeds with methylcellulose were stable for 21 days at 5 or 15 C, but declined rapidly at 25 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluorescent Pseudomonas applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in greenhouse-grown wheat compared with nontreated seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- applied to wheat seedse0
- Outcome
- take-alle0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- nontreated seede2
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. applied to wheat seeds suppressed take-all in both greenhouse- and field-grown winter and spring wheat”
e2“Suppression of take-all by the bacteria was expressed in the field as fewer plants with foliage symptoms of take-all and taller plants, more heads, greater yield, and less root disease than those grown from nontreated seed”
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