Abstract
Suboptimal planting dates and disease susceptibility threaten wheat yield and quality, impacting food security, especially particularly amid in the context of climate change. field Field experiments were conducted at the Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Pakistan; , during the winters of 2021-22 and 2022-23 to evaluate the performance of 11 wheat lines/varieties (PR142, PR-146, PR-147, PR-148, PR-149, PR-150, PR151, PR-152, Khaista-17, Gulzar-19, and PS-19) across different planting dates (15th October, 15th November, and 15th December) using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. Delayed planting reduced the number of growing degree days (GDD), negatively affecting phenology, yield, and quality. October 15th planting led to a 113.5% increase in grain yield and 80.4% increase in biological yield over compared to December planting. PR-147 and Pirsabak-19 yielded the highest (3875 kg ha⁻¹ and 10791 kg ha⁻¹, respectively), while whereas PR-150 had the highest zinc content. Early planting improved protein (12.18%) and zinc (31.27 mg kg⁻¹) contents (31.27 mg kg⁻¹). GGE biplot analysis identified PR-147 and Pirsabak-19 as topas top performers. Yellow rust and loose smut incidences were lower in with December planting than with November planting. Early planting and resilient varieties are key for to enhancing wheat productivity and quality under climate change.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed wheat planting reduced growing degree days.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Delayed plantinge0
- Outcome
- number of growing degree days (GDD)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delayed planting reduced the number of growing degree days (GDD)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed wheat planting negatively affected phenology, yield and quality.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Delayed plantinge0
- Outcome
- phenology, yield, and qualitye0
- Direction
- negatively affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delayed planting reduced the number of growing degree days (GDD), negatively affecting phenology, yield, and quality.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
October 15 planting raised wheat grain yield 113.5% over December planting.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- October 15th plantinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 113.5%e0
- Comparator
- December plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“October 15th planting led to a 113.5% increase in grain yield and 80.4% increase in biological yield over compared to December planting.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
October 15 planting raised wheat biological yield 80.4% over December planting.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- October 15th plantinge0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 80.4%e0
- Comparator
- December plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“October 15th planting led to a 113.5% increase in grain yield and 80.4% increase in biological yield over compared to December planting.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PR-147 had the highest reported grain yield, 3875 kg ha⁻¹.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PR-147 and Pirsabak-19 yielded the highest (3875 kg ha⁻¹ and 10791 kg ha⁻¹, respectively)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pirsabak-19 had the highest reported biological yield, 10791 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Pirsabak-19e0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10791 kg ha⁻¹e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PR-147 and Pirsabak-19 yielded the highest (3875 kg ha⁻¹ and 10791 kg ha⁻¹, respectively)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PR-150 had the highest zinc content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- PR-150e0
- Outcome
- zinc contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PR-150 had the highest zinc content.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting improved wheat protein content to 12.18%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Early plantinge0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 12.18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early planting improved protein (12.18%) and zinc (31.27 mg kg⁻¹) contents”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting improved wheat zinc content to 31.27 mg kg⁻¹.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Early plantinge0
- Outcome
- zince0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 31.27 mg kg⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early planting improved protein (12.18%) and zinc (31.27 mg kg⁻¹) contents”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GGE biplot analysis identified PR-147 as a top performer.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- PR-147e0
- Outcome
- topas top performerse0
- Comparator
- Pirsabak-19e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GGE biplot analysis identified PR-147 and Pirsabak-19 as topas top performers.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GGE biplot analysis identified Pirsabak-19 as a top performer.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Pirsabak-19e0
- Outcome
- topas top performerse0
- Comparator
- PR-147e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GGE biplot analysis identified PR-147 and Pirsabak-19 as topas top performers.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow rust incidence was lower with December than November planting.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- December plantinge0
- Interactor
- Yellow ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- Yellow ruste0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- November plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yellow rust and loose smut incidences were lower in with December planting than with November planting.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Loose smut incidence was lower with December than November planting.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- December plantinge0
- Interactor
- loose smute0pathogen
- Outcome
- loose smute0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- November plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yellow rust and loose smut incidences were lower in with December planting than with November planting.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend early planting and resilient varieties to improve wheat productivity and quality under climate change.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Early planting and resilient varietiese0
- Outcome
- wheat productivity and qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early planting and resilient varieties are key for to enhancing wheat productivity and quality under climate change.”
t0“Wheat”
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