Abstract
A field study was carried out at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during 2016 and 2017 seasons to detect the effect of tillage technique and herbicides use on weeds and yield of transplanted rice. A strip plot design with four replicates was applied. Tillage techniques (Zero tillage + puddling, one tillage + puddling, two tillage + puddling and two tillage without puddling) were allocated in horizontal strips. Weed control treatments were weedy check, hand weeding, thiobencarb (Saturn 50 % EC) at recommended dose (2.4 kg ai ha-1) and penoxsulam (Granite 24% SC) at recommended dose (0.029 kg ai ha-1) were assigned as vertical plots. Weed flora and rice yields were considerably affected by tillage technique and weed control treatments. Cyperus difformis, Ammania sp., Scirpus sp. and total weeds dry weights were noticeably reduced fewer than two tillage + puddling plots than with other tillage technique. But Echinochloa crus-galli and Echinochloa colona were significantly reduced under zero tillage + puddling plots than under other tillage techniques. The highest values of panicles per unit area, panicle weight (g), filled grains / panicle, biological yield, grain yield (t ha-1) and harvest index of rice (%) were recorded under two tillage + puddling plots followed by one tillage + puddling than under other tillage techniques. The application of penoxsulam resulted in the best weed control and best rice grain yield (t ha-1) and its components under this study followed by the application of thiobencarb. Untreated (weedy check) plots gave the highest weed presence and the lowest rice yields and its components in 2016 and 2017 seasons under this study. For the interaction, the lowest values of dry weight for Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus difformis, Ammania sp., Scirpus sp. and total weeds, in addition to the highest grain yield of rice was obtained under two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam 24% SC as the recommended dose during the two growing seasons.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Weed flora and rice yields were considerably affected by tillage technique and weed control treatments.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- tillage technique and weed control treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Weed flora and rice yieldse1
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e1“Weed flora and rice yields were considerably affected by tillage technique and weed control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weights of Cyperus difformis, Ammania sp., Scirpus sp. and total weeds were noticeably reduced under two tillage + puddling plots than under other tillage techniques.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- two tillage + puddling plotse2
- Interactor
- Cyperus difformis, Ammania sp., Scirpus sp.e2weed
- Outcome
- Cyperus difformis, Ammania sp., Scirpus sp. and total weeds dry weightse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- other tillage techniquee2
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e2“Cyperus difformis, Ammania sp., Scirpus sp. and total weeds dry weights were noticeably reduced fewer than two tillage + puddling plots than with other tillage technique”
Claim · model-written summary
Echinochloa crus-galli and Echinochloa colona were significantly reduced under zero tillage + puddling plots than under other tillage techniques.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- zero tillage + puddling plotse3
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli and Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa crus-gallie3weed - Outcome
- Echinochloa crus-galli and Echinochloa colonae3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- other tillage techniquese3
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e3“Echinochloa crus-galli and Echinochloa colona were significantly reduced under zero tillage + puddling plots than under other tillage techniques”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicles per unit area, panicle weight and filled grains per panicle were highest under two tillage + puddling plots than under other tillage techniques.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- two tillage + puddling plotse4
- Outcome
- panicles per unit area, panicle weight (g), filled grains / paniclee4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Comparator
- other tillage techniquese4
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e4“The highest values of panicles per unit area, panicle weight (g), filled grains / panicle, biological yield, grain yield (t ha-1) and harvest index of rice (%) were recorded under two tillage + puddling plots followed by one tillage + puddling than under other tillage techniques”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield, grain yield and harvest index of rice were highest under two tillage + puddling plots than under other tillage techniques.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- two tillage + puddling plotse4
- Outcome
- biological yield, grain yield (t ha-1) and harvest index of rice (%)e4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Comparator
- other tillage techniquese4
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e4“The highest values of panicles per unit area, panicle weight (g), filled grains / panicle, biological yield, grain yield (t ha-1) and harvest index of rice (%) were recorded under two tillage + puddling plots followed by one tillage + puddling than under other tillage techniques”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam gave the best weed control, followed by thiobencarb.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- penoxsulame5
- Outcome
- weed controle5
- Direction
- beste5
- Comparator
- thiobencarbe5
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e5“The application of penoxsulam resulted in the best weed control and best rice grain yield (t ha-1) and its components under this study followed by the application of thiobencarb”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam gave the best rice grain yield and its components, followed by thiobencarb.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- penoxsulame5
- Outcome
- rice grain yield (t ha-1) and its componentse5
- Direction
- beste5
- Comparator
- thiobencarbe5
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e5“The application of penoxsulam resulted in the best weed control and best rice grain yield (t ha-1) and its components under this study followed by the application of thiobencarb”
Claim · model-written summary
The untreated weedy check plots had the highest weed presence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Untreated (weedy check) plotse6
- Outcome
- weed presencee6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e6“Untreated (weedy check) plots gave the highest weed presence and the lowest rice yields and its components in 2016 and 2017 seasons under this study”
Claim · model-written summary
The untreated weedy check plots gave the lowest rice yields and its components.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Untreated (weedy check) plotse6
- Outcome
- rice yields and its componentse6
- Direction
- loweste6
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e6“Untreated (weedy check) plots gave the highest weed presence and the lowest rice yields and its components in 2016 and 2017 seasons under this study”
Claim · model-written summary
Under two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam, the dry weights of Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa colona and Cyperus difformis were lowest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam 24% SCe7
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus difformisEchinochloa colonaEchinochloa crus-galli
Cyperus difformise7weed - Outcome
- dry weighte7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e7“For the interaction, the lowest values of dry weight for Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus difformis, Ammania sp., Scirpus sp. and total weeds, in addition to the highest grain yield of rice was obtained under two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam 24% SC as the recommended dose during the two growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Under two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam, the dry weights of Ammania sp., Scirpus sp. and total weeds were lowest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam 24% SCe7
- Interactor
- Ammania sp., Scirpus sp.e7weed
- Outcome
- dry weighte7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e7“For the interaction, the lowest values of dry weight for Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus difformis, Ammania sp., Scirpus sp. and total weeds, in addition to the highest grain yield of rice was obtained under two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam 24% SC as the recommended dose during the two growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Under two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam, rice grain yield was highest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam 24% SCe7
- Outcome
- grain yield of ricee7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Setting
- experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Yield of Transplanted Rice”
e0“at the experimental farm of Rice Department, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt”
e7“For the interaction, the lowest values of dry weight for Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus difformis, Ammania sp., Scirpus sp. and total weeds, in addition to the highest grain yield of rice was obtained under two tillage + puddling treated by penoxsulam 24% SC as the recommended dose during the two growing seasons”
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8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.