Abstract
The experiment was performed to study the seed germination and seedling growth in wheat under the influence of different concentrations of copper. The germination %, plumule and radicle length, and number of lateral roots decreased with increase in copper concentration (5, 25, 50 and 100 mgl(-1)). Total chlorophyll contents declined on 14th day from 1.605 of control to 1.581, 1.242, 1.275 and 1.107 mg g(-1) fresh weight in respective treatments. Similarly, on 21st day the decline in total chlorophyll contents was 1.288, 1.123, 1.077 and 0.985 mg g(-1) fresh weight in respective treatments against 1.724 of control. Likewise the pheophytin contents also declined showing the same pattern. However, carotenoid contents increased in different treatments, ranging between 0.366 to 0.464 mg g(-1) fresh weight in comparison to control (0.328) on 14th day, but showed adverse effects on 21st day as the carotenoid contents decreased in different copper treatments. The activity of amylase was found to be gradually reduced 14th day from 29.73 of control to 27.80, 27.33, 21.86 and 20.00 mg g(-1) and at 21st day from 14.40 of control to 11.46, 11.01, 9.86 and 5.60 mg g(-1) fresh weight with increase in concentrations of copper The catalase activity increased 14th day from 97.33 of control to 134.66, 161.33, 216.00 and 232.00 and on 21st day from 140.00 of control to 245.33, 274.66, 278.66 and 300.66 ml H2O2 hydrolyzed/g fresh weight in different increased concentrations of copper Similarly the peroxidase activity was also increased with increase in copper concentration. Likewise fresh weight and moisture contents decreased with increase in copper concentration. The dry weight was increased with increase in concentration of copper treatment. Total protein contents were initially decreased on 14th day from 80.69 of control to 66.75, 60.41, 56.41 and 48.48 microg/mg and on 21st day 81.37 of control to 67.06, 62.31, 54.92 and 46.47 microg/mg fresh weight in different copper concentrations respectively Sugar contents were significantly decreased in all the doses of copper on both 14th and 21st days i.e. (5.53 of control to 4.76, 3.69, 3.68 and 2.86 microg/mg in different copper treatments on 14th day and 4.81 of control to 4.49, 3.40, 2.79 and 2.15 microg/mg on 21st day respectively.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress decreased germination percentage, plumule length and radicle length of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- germination %, plumule and radicle lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e1“The germination %, plumule and radicle length, and number of lateral roots decreased with increase in copper concentration (5, 25, 50 and 100 mgl(-1))”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress decreased the number of lateral roots of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- number of lateral rootse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e1“The germination %, plumule and radicle length, and number of lateral roots decreased with increase in copper concentration (5, 25, 50 and 100 mgl(-1))”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress lowered total chlorophyll content of wheat on day 14, from 1.605 in the control to 1.107 to 1.581 mg g(-1) fresh weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contentse2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 1.581, 1.242, 1.275 and 1.107 mg g(-1) fresh weighte2
- Qualifier
- 14th daye2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e2“Total chlorophyll contents declined on 14th day from 1.605 of control to 1.581, 1.242, 1.275 and 1.107 mg g(-1) fresh weight in respective treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress lowered total chlorophyll content of wheat on day 21, from 1.724 in the control to 0.985 to 1.288 mg g(-1) fresh weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contentse3
- Direction
- declinee3
- Value
- 1.288, 1.123, 1.077 and 0.985 mg g(-1) fresh weighte3
- Qualifier
- 21st daye3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e3“Similarly, on 21st day the decline in total chlorophyll contents was 1.288, 1.123, 1.077 and 0.985 mg g(-1) fresh weight in respective treatments against 1.724 of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress also lowered pheophytin content of wheat, showing the same pattern as chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- pheophytin contentse4
- Direction
- declinede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e4“Likewise the pheophytin contents also declined showing the same pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress increased carotenoid content of wheat on day 14, relative to the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 0.366 to 0.464 mg g(-1) fresh weighte5
- Qualifier
- 14th daye5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e5“carotenoid contents increased in different treatments, ranging between 0.366 to 0.464 mg g(-1) fresh weight in comparison to control (0.328) on 14th day”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress decreased carotenoid content of wheat on day 21, which the authors describe as an adverse effect.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contentse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- adverse effects on 21st daye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e6“showed adverse effects on 21st day as the carotenoid contents decreased in different copper treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress reduced amylase activity in wheat on day 14, from 29.73 in the control to 20.00 to 27.80 mg g(-1).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- activity of amylasee7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 27.80, 27.33, 21.86 and 20.00 mg g(-1)e7
- Qualifier
- 14th daye7
- Comparator
- controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e7“The activity of amylase was found to be gradually reduced 14th day from 29.73 of control to 27.80, 27.33, 21.86 and 20.00 mg g(-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress reduced amylase activity in wheat on day 21, from 14.40 in the control to 5.60 to 11.46 mg g(-1).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- activity of amylasee7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 11.46, 11.01, 9.86 and 5.60 mg g(-1)e6
- Qualifier
- 21st daye6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e7“The activity of amylase was found to be gradually reduced 14th day from 29.73 of control to 27.80, 27.33, 21.86 and 20.00 mg g(-1)”
e6“and at 21st day from 14.40 of control to 11.46, 11.01, 9.86 and 5.60 mg g(-1) fresh weight with increase in concentrations of copper”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress increased catalase activity in wheat on day 14, from 97.33 in the control to 134.66 to 232.00.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- catalase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 134.66, 161.33, 216.00 and 232.00e0
- Qualifier
- 14th daye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e0“The catalase activity increased 14th day from 97.33 of control to 134.66, 161.33, 216.00 and 232.00”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress increased catalase activity in wheat on day 21, from 140.00 in the control to 245.33 to 300.66 ml H2O2 hydrolyzed/g fresh weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- catalase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 245.33, 274.66, 278.66 and 300.66 ml H2O2 hydrolyzed/g fresh weighte1
- Qualifier
- 21st daye1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e0“The catalase activity increased 14th day from 97.33 of control to 134.66, 161.33, 216.00 and 232.00”
e1“and on 21st day from 140.00 of control to 245.33, 274.66, 278.66 and 300.66 ml H2O2 hydrolyzed/g fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress increased peroxidase activity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e0“Similarly the peroxidase activity was also increased with increase in copper concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress decreased fresh weight and moisture content of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- fresh weight and moisture contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e0“Likewise fresh weight and moisture contents decreased with increase in copper concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress increased dry weight of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e0“The dry weight was increased with increase in concentration of copper treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress decreased total protein content of wheat on day 14, from 80.69 in the control to 48.48 to 66.75 microg/mg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- total protein contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 66.75, 60.41, 56.41 and 48.48 microg/mge0
- Qualifier
- 14th daye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e0“Total protein contents were initially decreased on 14th day from 80.69 of control to 66.75, 60.41, 56.41 and 48.48 microg/mg”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress lowered total protein content of wheat on day 21, from 81.37 in the control to 46.47 to 67.06 microg/mg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- total protein contentse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 67.06, 62.31, 54.92 and 46.47 microg/mge1
- Qualifier
- 21st daye1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e0“Total protein contents were initially decreased on 14th day from 80.69 of control to 66.75, 60.41, 56.41 and 48.48 microg/mg”
e1“and on 21st day 81.37 of control to 67.06, 62.31, 54.92 and 46.47 microg/mg fresh weight in different copper concentrations respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress significantly decreased sugar content of wheat on day 14, from 5.53 in the control to 2.86 to 4.76 microg/mg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- sugar contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 4.76, 3.69, 3.68 and 2.86 microg/mge1
- Qualifier
- 14th daye1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e0“Sugar contents were significantly decreased in all the doses of copper on both 14th and 21st days”
e1“5.53 of control to 4.76, 3.69, 3.68 and 2.86 microg/mg in different copper treatments on 14th day”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress significantly decreased sugar content of wheat on day 21, from 4.81 in the control to 2.15 to 4.49 microg/mg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- copper stresst0
- Outcome
- sugar contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 4.49, 3.40, 2.79 and 2.15 microg/mge1
- Qualifier
- 21st daye1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of wheat seed germination and seedling growth under copper stress”
e0“Sugar contents were significantly decreased in all the doses of copper on both 14th and 21st days”
e1“4.81 of control to 4.49, 3.40, 2.79 and 2.15 microg/mg on 21st day”
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