Abstract
Cadmium stress (CS) induced the peroxide damage and inhibited wheat photosynthetic capacity and growth. Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, and photochemical quenching, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities, ascorbic acid and glutathione contents, AsA/dehydroascorbic acid and GSH/oxidized glutathione, and decreased nonphotochemical quenching (qN), antioxidant biomarkers malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, and electrolyte leakage (EL). At the same time, Se alone declined antioxidant biomarkers contents, qN and EL, and augmented the rest of the aforementioned indexes. Our research implied that Se upregulated wheat's antioxidant capacity. In this way, Se improved wheat photosynthetic performance and growth, especially for 10 μM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Consequently, 10 μM Na2SeO3 may be considered a useful exogenous substance to reinforce wheat cadmium tolerance.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress induced peroxide damage in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Cadmium stress (CS)e1
- Outcome
- peroxide damagee1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Cadmium stress (CS) induced the peroxide damage and inhibited wheat photosynthetic capacity and growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress inhibited wheat photosynthetic capacity and growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stress (CS)e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacity and growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Cadmium stress (CS) induced the peroxide damage and inhibited wheat photosynthetic capacity and growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress bolstered chlorophyll and carotenoid contents compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoid contentse2
- Direction
- bolsterede1
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“chlorophyll and carotenoid contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress bolstered photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and quantum yield of PSII photochemistry compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, the quantum yield of PSII photochemistrye2
- Direction
- bolsterede1
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress bolstered photochemical quenching compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- photochemical quenchinge2
- Direction
- bolsterede1
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, and photochemical quenching”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress bolstered superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidasee2
- Direction
- bolsterede1
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress bolstered glutathione reductase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activitiese2
- Direction
- bolsterede1
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“glutathione reductase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress bolstered ascorbic acid and glutathione contents compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid and glutathione contentse2
- Direction
- bolsterede1
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“ascorbic acid and glutathione contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress bolstered AsA/dehydroascorbic acid and GSH/oxidized glutathione ratios compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- AsA/dehydroascorbic acid and GSH/oxidized glutathionee2
- Direction
- bolsterede1
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“AsA/dehydroascorbic acid and GSH/oxidized glutathione”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress decreased nonphotochemical quenching compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- nonphotochemical quenching (qN)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“decreased nonphotochemical quenching (qN), antioxidant biomarkers malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, and electrolyte leakage (EL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contentse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“decreased nonphotochemical quenching (qN), antioxidant biomarkers malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, and electrolyte leakage (EL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium plus cadmium stress decreased electrolyte leakage compared with cadmium stress alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- selenium (Se) application plus CSe1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- CSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Compared to CS, selenium (Se) application plus CS bolstered”
e2“decreased nonphotochemical quenching (qN), antioxidant biomarkers malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, and electrolyte leakage (EL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium alone declined antioxidant biomarker contents, qN and electrolyte leakage in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Se alonee1
- Outcome
- antioxidant biomarkers contents, qN and ELe1
- Direction
- declinede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Se alone declined antioxidant biomarkers contents, qN and EL”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium alone augmented the rest of the aforementioned photosynthetic and antioxidant indexes in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Se alonee1
- Outcome
- the rest of the aforementioned indexese2
- Direction
- augmentede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Se alone declined antioxidant biomarkers contents, qN and EL”
e2“and augmented the rest of the aforementioned indexes”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium upregulated wheat antioxidant capacity, as the authors interpret their results.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- See1
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“Our research implied that Se upregulated wheat's antioxidant capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium improved wheat photosynthetic performance and growth, especially at 10 μM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- See1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performance and growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- 10 μM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“In this way, Se improved wheat photosynthetic performance and growth, especially for 10 μM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 10 μM Na2SeO3 as a useful exogenous substance to reinforce wheat cadmium tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 10 μM Na2SeO3e1
- Outcome
- cadmium tolerancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selenium improves wheat”
e1“10 μM Na2SeO3 may be considered a useful exogenous substance to reinforce wheat cadmium tolerance”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.